Tropicos | Name - !Grimmia longirostris Hook.

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!Grimmia longirostris Hook.

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 2/17/2011)

Acceptance : Accepted

Project data (Last Modified On 2/17/2011)

Discussion:

The smooth capsules and straight setae of G. longirostris distinguish it from G. trichophylla. Both species are similar in having hair-pointed leaves, elongate, sinuose cells near the costa, and basal marginal cells with the transverse walls thicker than the longitudinal walls. Leaf hair-point length in both species is extremely variable, and at times can be nearly lacking. Grimmia trichophylla differs from G. longirostris in having a semiterete costa with 2 guide cells, and a lamina that is bistratose only in small patches and/or at the margins.

Grimmia longirostris (as G. affinis) has been confused with G. ovalis, but that species is dioicous and has a costa that in cross-section is nearly flat on the dorsal surface. Grimmia elongata differs from G. longirostris in having thin-walled basal cells that are elongate and hyaline at the margins.

The perigonia and perichaetia in G. longirostris occur at the ends of separate branches and so the autoicous condition can be extremely difficult to demonstrate.

Illustrations: Hooker (1818, Tab. 62 1–6); Cha_ubi_ski (1882, Tab. 7 12); Deguchi (1978, Figs. 12–13); Ireland (1982, Pl. 134); Deguchi (1984, Fig. 6 A–Y); Afonina (1986, Pl. 1 1–8; Pl. 2 9–16, as G. ovalis); Cao & Vitt (1986. Figs. 1–2, also Fig. 26, as G. unicolor); Deguchi (1987, Pl. 6 A‑R, Pl. 7 A‑V); Jóhannsson (1993, Fig. 36); Ignatov & Cao (1994, Fig. 7); Maier & Geissler (1995, Fig. 1). Figure 97.

Habitat: On bare, exposed siliceous boulders and rocks, in cracks of cliffs and bluffs, occasionally on soil; 2250–4115 m.

Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. Huehuetenango: Sharp 4771 (F, TENN); Quezaltenango: Sharp 5041 (TENN); Sacatepéquez: Standley 65262 (F); Totonicapán: Smith 780 (F). HONDURAS. Lempira: Allen 12144 (MO, TEFH). COSTA RICA. Cartago: Crosby & Crosby 6137 (MO); San José: Crosby 3917 (F, MO).

World Range: Subarctic America, Western and Eastern Canada, Northwestern, Northeastern, Southwestern, and South-Central U.S.A.; Mexico; Central America; Caribbean, Western, Northern, and Western South America, Brazil; Northern, Southwestern, Middle, Southeastern, and East Europe; Siberia, Russian Far East, Caucasus, Middle Asia, China, Mongolia, Eastern Asia; Macaronesia, Northeast, West-Central, East, and South Tropical Africa, Southern Africa, Western Indian Ocean; Indian Subcontinent, Malesia.

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Grimmia longirostris Hook., Musci Exot. 1: 62. 1818.

Protologue: Ecuador. Locis scopulosis, apricis, in declivitate montis Chimborazo, altit. 2380 hexapod. super porphyrite (Regnum Quitense.) Humboldt et Bonpland (BM).

Grimmia affinis Hornsch., Flora 2: 443. 1819 [July], nom. illeg. non Hornsch. 1819, Flora 2: 85 [February] (= G. fuscolutea Hook.). Protologue: Austria. Windissmattrey Tauern, Hornschuch s.n. (B).

Grimmia breviexserta C. Müll., Bull. Herb. Boissier 5: 200. 1897. Protologue: Guatemala. Quezaltenango, Coll No. 115 cum Grimmia Bernoullii associata [Bernoulli & Cario] (PC).

Plants small in dense or loose cushions or tufts, brown below, yellowish green to olive‑green above, often hoary due to long hair‑points. Stems erect, fastigiate branched, 5–20 mm high, central strand present; rhizoids sparse. Leaves stiffly erect, imbricate, or erect‑patent when dry, erect‑spreading when wet, 2.5–3 mm long, lanceolate, keeled, gradually acuminate, hair‑point long, short, or absent, weakly denticulate; margins multistratose, recurved on one side below, otherwise plane, entire; costa percurrent, with 2–4 guide cells, reniform; laminae bistratose in upper 1/2 to 1/3, cells smooth, upper cells 8–10 x 6 μm, irregularly quadrate to short‑rectangular or transversely rectangular, incrassate, with straight or sinuose walls, basal cells near costa 30–40 x 8 μm, elongate‑rectangular, strongly sinuose, basal marginal cells 8–20 x 12 μm, quadrate to rectangular, with thick transverse walls and thin longitudinal walls. Autoicous. Seta straight, 3–4 mm long, twisted when dry. Capsules emergent to exserted, 1.2–2 mm long, ovate, oblong, or cylindrical, erect, smooth; stomata superficial in neck; opercula erect‑ or oblique‑rostrate, 0.5–1.5 mm long; peristome teeth 16, narrowly triangular, red, densely papillose, entire or irregularly cleft into 2–3 parts, 200 μm long. Spores 8–10 μm, smooth to finely papillose. Calyptrae yellow, mitrate, 1.5 mm long.