Tropicos | Name - !Grimmia trichophylla Grev.

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!Grimmia trichophylla Grev.

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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 2/17/2011)

Acceptance : Accepted

Project data (Last Modified On 2/17/2011)

Discussion:

Grimmia trichophylla has keeled, hair‑pointed leaves, leaf margins recurved on one or both sides and distinctly sinuose basal cells that are quadrate to rectangular at the margins and have thick transverse but thin longitudinal walls. Often even the median cells are strongly sinuose which can cause the species to be mistaken for a Racomitrium. The length of the leaf hair points in this species is extremely variable both within and among collections; some specimens have only muticous leaves. Jones (1933) reported the stem central strand of G. trichophylla as absent, but Deguchi (1984) listed it as present or absent. A stem central strand is figured for G. trichophylla by Deguchi (1984). All Central American material of this species, as well as European material, examined has a stem central strand.

The furrowed capsules, cygneous to flexuose setae, linear‑lanceolate leaves and unistratose lamina of G. trichophylla distinguish it from G. longirostris. Grimmia ovalis differs from G. trichophylla in having broad, ovate-lanceolate leaves that are bistratose in the upper ½ to 2/3, have plane lower margins, and a costa that in cross-section is nearly flat on the dorsal surface. Grimmia elongata differs from G. trichophylla in having thin-walled, elongate, hyaline cells at the basal margins that often extend upwards along the margin higher than the other basal leaf cells.

Illustrations: Bruch and Schimper (1845, Pl. 244); Limpricht (1888, Fig. 200 a–c); Jones (1933, Pl. 14 A); Nyholm (1956, Fig. 70 I); Smith (1978, Fig. 152 1–19); Catcheside (1980, Fig. 27 a–d); Orbán and Vajda (1983, Fig. 321 a–d); Deguchi (1984, Fig. 11 A–O); Sharp et al. (1994, Fig. 303 a–h). Figure 100.

Habitat: On bare, exposed non‑calcareous or volcanic boulders and rocks, and on moist or dry rocky banks; 2550–4115 m.

Distribution in Central America: GUATEMALA. Quezaltenango: Sharp 2211 (TENN); San Marcos: Sharp 5439 (TENN); Totonicapán: Standley 84451 (F). COSTA RICA. Cartago: Dauphin 1690 (MO). PANAMA. Chiriquí: Allen 9089 (MO).

World Range: Subarctic America, Western and Eastern Canada, Northwestern and Southwestern U.S.A.; Mexico; Central America; Western, Northern, and Southern South America; Northern, Southwestern, Middle, Southeastern, and East Europe; Macaronesia, Northern Africa, West‑Central and East Tropical Africa; Caucasus, Middle Asia, Siberia, Russian Far East, Western Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Eastern Asia; Indian Subcontinent, Malesia; Australia, New Zealand; North‑Central Pacific.

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Grimmia trichophylla Grev., Fl. Edin. 235. 1824.

Protologue: Scotland. Edinburgh, s. coll.; Arthur's Seat and coast of Fife, Arnott; Lanark Road, Edinburgh, s. coll.; walls between Colinton and the Pentland Hills, s. coll. Lectotype (Geissler & Maier 1995). [Great Britain] near Edinburgh. 1821 (E).

Plants small to large in dense or loose cushions or tufts, brown below, yellowish green to olive‑green, often hoary due to long hair‑points. Stems erect, fastigiate branched, 5–30 mm high, central strand present; rhizoids sparse. Leaves erect to erect‑patent, somewhat twisted when dry, erect‑spreading when wet, 2–2.5 mm long, linear‑lanceolate from a narrowly ovate‑lanceolate base, keeled, long-acuminate, hair‑point long, short or absent, entire or weakly denticulate; margins bistratose, occasionally unistratose, recurved on one or both sides, entire; costa percurrent, terete at back; laminae unistratose except at extremely apex or bistratose in scattered patches; cells smooth, upper cells 6–8 x 6 μm, irregularly quadrate to short‑rectangular or transversely rectangular, incrassate, with straight or sinuose walls, basal cells near costa 20–40 x 6–8 μm, elongate‑rectangular, strongly sinuose, basal marginal cells 8–20 x 12 μm, quadrate to rectangular, with thick transverse walls and thin longitudinal walls. Gemmae usually present, sessile on the dorsal side of the upper lamina. Dioicous. Setae cygneous or flexuose, 2–5 mm long, twisted when dry, yellow. Capsules exserted, 1.5–2 mm long, oblong, horizontal to pendent, furrowed; stomata superficial in neck; opercula erect‑ or oblique‑rostrate, 0.5–1 mm long; peristome teeth 16, narrowly triangular, red, densely papillose, entire or irregularly cleft into 2–3 parts, 200–300 μm long. Spores 10–15 μm, papillose. Calyptrae yellow, mitrate, 1.5 mm long.