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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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Species
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Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 176. 1936.
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Synonym
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Bignonia heptaphylla sensu auct., non Vell. Fl. Flum. 6: 251. 1825; pl. 48. 1827. Tecoma heptaphylla (Vell.) Mart., Flora 24, Beibl. 2: 13. 1841, sensu auct. non Vell. Tecoma impetiginosa Mart., Syst. Mat. Med. Veg. Bras. 54. 1843, nomen nudum. Tecoma ipe Mart., Syst. Mat. Med. Veg. Bras. 55. 1843, nomen nudum. Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC., Prodr. 9: 218. 1845. TYPE: Brazil, Piauhy, Martius 2446 (G-DC, M). Tecoma eximia Miq., Linnaea 22: 803. 1849. LECTOTYPE: Brazil, Bahia, Blanchet 3963, leaves flowers excluded (BR, C, G, K, MO, P, U). Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent. 258. 1879. TYPE: Argentina (not seen). Tecoma palmeri Rose, Contr. U. S. Natl. Herb. 1: 109. 1891. TYPE: Mexico, Sonora, Palmer 320 (GH, US). Tecoma impetiginosa var. lepidota Bur., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1893: 114. 1894. TYPE: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 11241 (P). Tecoma ipe Mart. ex K. Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. 4(3b): 238. 1894. TYPE:Brazil (not seen). Tecoma adenophylla K. Schum. ex Bur. & K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 412. 1897. TYPE: Brazil, Goyaz, Glaziou 21841 (BR, C). Gelseminum avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. P1. 3, 2: 245. 1898. Tecoma ipe var. integra Sprague, Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2. 5: 86. 1905. TYPE: Paraguay,Hassler 3065 (K). Tecoma avellanedae (Lorentz ex Griseb.) Speg. in Speg. & Girola, Cat. Descr. Maderas 379. 1910. Tecoma avellanedae var. alba Lillo, Segunda Contr. Conoc. Arbol. Argen. 13. 1917. TYPE: Argentina (not seen). Tecoma integra (Sprague) Chodat, Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, ser. 2. 9: 242. 1917. Tabebuia nicaraguensis Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 52: 95. 1917. TYPE: Nicaragua, Hacienda Campuscus, Baker 2258 (GH, holotype; MO, US, isotypes). Tabebuia dugandii Standl., Trop. Woods 36: 17. 1933. TYPE: Colombia, Atlantico, Dugand 345 (F, US). Tabebuia ipe (Mart. ex Schum.) Standl., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 176. 1936. Tabebuia eximia (Miq.) Sandw., Lloydia 2: 213. 1939. Tabebuia avellanedae var. paulensis Toledo, Arquiv. Bot. Est. Sdo Paulo, n. s. 3: 33. 1952. TYPE: Brazil (not seen). Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toledo, Arquiv. Bot. Estado Sao Paulo, n. s. 3: 33. 1952, sensu auct. non Vell. Tabebuia schunkevigoi Simpson, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 1. 1972. TYPE: Peru, Huanuco, Schunke 2596 (F, holotype; MO, isotype).
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Description
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Tree to 20 m tall and 70 cm d.b.h., the bark relatively smooth, gray; wood greenish brown, dense, the vessels containing yellow powder (lapachol); twigs terete, glabrate, tips of shoots mealy pubescent, the nodes without interpetiolar glands or pseudostipules. Leaves palmately 5-7-foliolate, often anisophyllous; the leaflets ovate to elliptic, acuminate, cuneate to rounded or almost subcordate, the terminal leaflet 5-19 cm long and 1.5-8 cm wide, the intermediate leaflet 4-16 cm long and 2.8-9 cm wide, the basal leaflet 2.2-11 cm long and 1.5-8.3 cm wide, entire or serrulate, membranaceous to chartaceous, somewhat lepidote above and beneath, pubescent with simple or forked trichomes at least in the axils of lateral veins beneath or pubescent over the whole undersurface, often puberulous on the midrib above; terminal petiolules 1-4.2 cm long, intermediate petiolules 0.9-4 cm long, lateral petiolules 0.2-2 cm long, the petiole 4-13 cm long, lepidote and puberulous. Inflorescence a terminal, usually more or less congested panicle, the flowers in 3's, the branches whitish to tannish mealy- pubescent with short, thick-stellate trichomes. Flowers with the corolla pinkish- purple to deep magenta outside and on the lobes, the throat opening yellow, turning magenta, tubular-campanulate, 4-7.5 cm long and 1.2-5 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 2.5-5 cm long, the lobes 0.9-2.0 cm long, puberulous outside, inside with a few, scattered, simple trichomes in the tube and pubescent at the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae divaricate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, the longer filaments 1.6-2.3 cm long, shorter filaments 1.0-1.6 cm long, the staminode 3-7 mm long, inserted 5-6 mm from the base of the corolla tube; pistil 2.7-3.4 cm long, the ovary linear, 3-4 mm long and 1 mm wide, subtetragonal in cross section, glabrous to slightly lepidote, the ovules ca. 4-seriate in each locule; disc cupuliform, 1-1.5 mm long and 2 mm wide. Capsule elongate-cylindrical, attenuate at both ends, 12-56 cm long and 1.3-2.5 cm wide, glabrous; seeds 1-1.6 cm long and 3-4.8 cm wide, the wings hyaline- membranaceous, sharply demarcated from the seed body.
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Habit
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Tree
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Note
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A characteristic tree of the premontane moist forest, Tabebuia impetiginosa also occurs to some extent in the tropical dry forest. It ranges from northern Mexico to Argentina. This species flowers in the early dry season from De- cember to February. The wind-dispersed seeds are released in late dry season.
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Distribution
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ranges from northern Mexico to Argentina.
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Note
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The name Tabebuia impetiginosa has been used only in central Brazil where it has been separated from the other species of a wide ranging complex because of its pubescent leaflets. However, pubescent-leaved plants occur as occasional variants throughout the range of the species in Central America, and have been named as T. nicaraguensis. In Brazil the glabrate form has been given the names T. impetiginosa var. lepidota and T. adenophylla. Geographical separation and characters of the number of leaflets and leaf indumentum have been used to maintain these various populations as separate species. Disjunctions in the range of this composite species are like those of a number of other organisms which are restricted to the dry forest habitat with the species occupying all of the suitable habitats, and the various populations separated only by the present expansion of the intervening wet forest areas. The Central American, Colombian, and western Argentinian populations have 5-foliolate leaves with entire leaflets which are pubescent only in the axils of the lateral nerves below; the eastern Argentinian plants have mostly 7-foliolate leaves with dentate leaflets which are pubescent only in the axils of the lateral nerves beneath; and most Brazilian plants have entire leaflets which are pu- bescent over the whole lower surface. Recent collections from the dry forest area around the Golfo de San Miguel, Darien Province, come from the middle of the supposed area of disjunction between the Central American and Colombian populations, further supporting the morphological evidence for union of T. palmeri and T. dugandii under T. impetiginosa. The Darien specimens are noteworthy in having the mostly 7-foliolate leaves of the Argentinian and some Brazilian forms. The serrate-leaved form of eastern Argentina and adjacent Brazil was con- sidered distinct by Buchinger (1960) as T. ipe (Mart. ex K. Schum.) Standl., but I suspect it merits varietal rather than specific recognition. Most specimens identified as Tabebuia heptaphylla (Vell.) Toldeo belong to this species, and that name has been used (as Tecoma heptaphylla) in Brazil. The basionym Bignonia heptaphylla Vell. antedates the basionym of Tabebuia impetiginosa. Vellozo's drawing of a 7-foliolate, serrate-leafleted plant could refer to this species or several others. The description of the corolla as "violacea" points toward this species, but the strongly 5-dentate calyx does not. The fruit as figured and described is wrinkled-striate with a persistent calyx, conditions which do not match T. impetiginosa. In the absence of a type specimen, B. heptaphylla has been subject to diverse interpretations, and because of these several problems, I consider Tabebuia heptaphylla to be a nomen confusum and have adopted the name T. impetiginosa.
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Specimen
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DARIEN: Isla Cartagena, Golfo de San Miguel, Gentry 3935 (MO). Shore near Majagualito across from La Palma, Gentry 3989 (MO). Isla Encanto in Golfo de San Miguel, Gentry 4023 (MO). PANAMA: Vicinity of Bejuco, Allen 1630 (F, GH, NY, US), 4203 (MO).
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