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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/21/2013)
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Species
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Pachyptera kerere (Aubl.) Sandw.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Recueil Trav. Bot. Neerl. 34: 219. 1937.
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Synonym
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Bignonia kerere Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Fr. 2: 644, tab. 260. 1775, non Lindl. TYPE: French Guiana, Aublet s.n. (BM, P-AD no. 12271, W). Bignonia incarnata Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Fr. 2: 645, tab. 261, 262, fig. 1-8. 1775. TYPE: (not seen). Bignonia heterophylla Willd., Sp. PI. 3: 298. 1801. TYPE: Based on B. kerere Aubl. Adenocalymma brachybotrys DC., Prodr. 9: 202. 1845. TYPE: French Guiana, Perrotet s.n. (P). Pachyptera foveolata DC., Prodr. 9: 175. 1845. TYPE: French Guiana, Poiteau s.n. (G-DC, fragment). Adenocalymma stridula Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3. 7: 392. 1864. TYPE: Based on Bignonia kerere Aubl. Adenocalymma foveolatum (DC.) Baill., Hist. PI. 10: 7, fig. 9-16. 1888. Adenocalymma kerere (Aubl.) Bur. & K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 8(2): 119. 1896, pro parte. Bignonia benensis Britton ex Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 70. 1900. TYPE: Bolivia, junction of Beni and Madre de Dios Rivers, Rusby 1143 (NY, US). Adenocalymma symmetricum Rusby, Descr. 300 Sp. S. Amer. PI. 122. 1920. TYPE: Venezuela, Lower Orinoco, Rusby & Squires s.n. (NY). Tanaecium zetekii Standl., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 140, tab. 19. 1933. TYPE: Panama, Barro Colorado Island, Woodworth & Vestal 363 (F, holotype; A, MO, US, isotypes). Pachyptera kerere var. erythraea Dugand, Caldasia 7(31): 16. 1955. TYPE: Colombia, Santander, Romero-Castaiieda 4727 (COL)
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Description
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Liana to at least 5 cm in diameter, the bark gray, smooth; stem with 4 phloem arms in cross section; twigs subtetragonal, longitudinally striate, glab- rous to subpuberulous, interpetiolar glands conspicuous; pseudostipules ver- tically 3-seriate, acute. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with a tendril or tendril scar; leaflets ovate, long-acuminate to acute, broadly cuneate to narrowly sub- cordate, membranaceous, secondary nerves 6-10 on a side, scattered lepidote below, less so above, puberulous along main veins above and beneath, sunken plate-shaped glands usually conspicuous on both surfaces, olive to brownish when dry, usually darker above; tendril trifid, 8-16 cm long to branching, the three arms 0.2-4.0 cm long, often unequal; terminal leaflet 9-24 cm long and 3.4-10 cm wide, the laterals 7.8-22 cm long and 2.4-9.2 cm wide; terminal petiolule 1.5-6.1 cm long, the laterals 0.5-3.2 cm long, the petiole 0.9-7.1 cm long, above with a conspicuous apical glandular field, scabrous as the petiolules. Inflorescence a short axillary or terminal raceme of ca. 10 flowers opening one at a time, the rachis and pedicels puberulous. Flowers with the calyx campanu- late, irregularly truncate, puberulous, with scattered glands, 7-12 mm long and 5-9 mm wide; corolla white (Panama), tubular-campanulate, 3.6-7.3 cm long and 0.7-1.4 cm wide at the mouth of tube, the tube 3.0-6.3 cm long with a narrowed base 2.3-2.6 cm long and 0.2-0.6 cm wide, lobes 0.5-1.8 cm long, simple puberulous outside with plate-shaped glands at the base of the lobes, inside glandular-lepidote on the lobes and glandular-pubescent below the level of stamen insertion; stamens didynamous, the anther thecae pubescent, each 2-4 mm long, usually bent, the longer filaments 1.9-2.1 cm long, shorter filaments 1.4-1.6 cm long, the staminode 0.3-9.8 cm long, inserted 2.3-2.5 cm above the base of corolla tube; pistil 4.5-4.8 cm long, ovary flattened-cylindric, 2-3 mm long and 1.5-2 mm wide, 1-1.5 mm thick, minutely papillose; disc pulvinate, 1-2 mm long and 3-4 mm wide. Capsule (Panama) fusiform-oblong, acuminate at both ends, only slightly compressed, 10.2-22 cm long and 2.4-4.0 cm wide, 1.0-2.4 cm thick, the surface smooth, somewhat glandular and slightly lepidote, the midrib raised; seeds 1.8-2.4 cm long and 2.8-3.8 cm wide, rela- tively thick and corky, without wings.
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Habit
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Liana
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Note
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A vine restricted almost entirely to lake shores, stream margins, and coastal swamps, P. kerere is often common, though seldom collected, in this specialized habitat in the tropical wet forest and wetter parts of the tropical moist forest. It ranges from British Honduras to Amazonian Brazil. This species flowers sporadically throughout the year. The corky, wingless seeds of typical P. kerere are water-dispersed. Striking diagnostic characters include the 3-seriate pseudostipules and the glandular field on the upper surface of the petiole apex. The pubescent anthers are a good floral character. Two color forms of this species are known in South America, but only the white-flowered form has been recorded ihi Central America. The red- flowered form has been designated as P. kerere var. erythraea Dugand. A wind- dispersed form, P. kerere var. incarnata (Aubl.) A. Gentry, has been collected in Honduras and the Choco of Colombia and will probably be found in Pan- ama. It differs from the typical variety only in its longer, much more com- pressed fruit and thin, winged seeds.
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Distribution
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ranges from British Honduras to Amazonian Brazil.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Hillside above Almirante, Gentry 2687 (MO). Vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, von Wedel 1057 (GH, MO), 1314, pro parte (GH, MO, US), 1340, 1553, 1754 (all GH, MO). Water Valley, von Wedel 806 (MO), 1660, pro parte (MO). CANAL ZONE: Barro Colorado Island, Aviles 45 (F, MO); Bailey & Bailey 655 (F); Brown 12 (F); Croat 4664 (MO), 4753 (MO, SCZ), 5226 (SCZ), 5406, pro parte (MO), 6071 (MO, SCZ), 6088, 6227, 6843, 7085, 7126, 7906, 8209, 8434, 8704, 11085, 12846, 15074 (all MO); Foster 1308 (PMA); Gentry 442 (MO, WIS), 1734 (MO); Kenoyer 527 (US); Shattuck 270 (A, F, MO), 512 (F, MO, US); Wetmore & Abbe 28 (A, F), 28A (A, MO); Woodworth & Vestal 363 (A, F, MO, US). Chagres, Fendler 206 (K, MO, US). COLON: W of Portobelo, Gentry 1766 (MO). Rio Indio de Fato, Pittier 4258 (US). DARIEN: Rio Ucurganti, Bristan 1157, pro parte (MO), 1169 (MO). Rio Pirre, Croat & Porter 15497 (MO). Rio Balsas between Quebrado Chusomocater and Rio Areti, Duke 8711 (MO). Rio Jaque to base of Cerro Pavarando, Gentry 4199 (MO). Near mouth of Rio Paya on Rio Tuira, Gentry 4335 (MO). Rio Tuira between Rios Paya and Cube, Gentry 4351 (MO). Rio Tuira just above Rio Cube, Gentry 4369 (MO). Rio Paya from Rio Tuira to village of Paya, Gentry 4381 (MO). Rio Tuira between Rios Paya and Aspave, Gentry 4401 (MO). Between Rio Paya and Rio Paca, Gentry 4484 (MO). El Real, Gentry 4577 (MO). Near Cerro Pirre on Rio Parasenico, Gentry 4688 (MO). PANAMA: Rio Sulugandi from mouth to trail crossing, Gentry 3743 (MO). SAN BLAS: Mainland opposite Playon Chico, Gentry 6356 (MO). WITHOUT LOCALITY: Bristan 196 (MO).
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