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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/22/2013)
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Species
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Tanaecium jaroba Sw.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. P1. 92. 1788
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Note
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TYPE: Jamaica
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Synonym
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Tanaecium albiflora DC., Prodr. 9: 245. 1845. TYPE: Based on T. jaroba Sw. Tanaecium exsertum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Is. 450. TYPE: Jamaica, Mench 1070 (K).
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Description
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Liana; branchlets terete, the nodes without pseudostipules, interpetiolar glandular fields mostly lacking or inconspicuous, if present relatively small. Leaves 3-foliolate or 2-foliolate with a tendril or tendril scar; leaflets elliptic, acute or rounded, truncate or rounded at the base, 8-10 cm long and 4-6 cm wide, pinnately veined with 5-7 lateral veins on a side, drying grayish-green, the veins beneath beige, glabrous except for a few long trichomes at the extreme base of the midvein above or puberulous with simple trichomes along the veins beneath; tendril simple; petiole 5-6 cm long, petiolules 1-3 cm long, grooved on the upper surface, pubescent with scattered long trichomes along the groove, otherwise lepidote. Inflorescence a terminal raceme on a short lateral branch; pedicels 1.3-2.4 cm long. Flowers with the calyx cupular, sub- truncate or minutely 5-denticulate, more or less ciliate, glandular-spotted but mostly glabrous with some plate-shaped glands on the apical part; corolla white, elongate-tubular, expanded apically, 18-20 cm long and 1.2-1.7 cm wide at the mouth, the tube 14-17 cm long, the lobes 2-2.8 cm long; densely glandu- lar-puberulous outside, less densely glandular-lepidote and glandular-puberulous on the lobes, more or less ciliate, tube mostly glabrous inside; stamens didyna- mous, the anthers half-exserted, the thecae 5-6 mm long, the longer filaments ca. 2.8 cm long, shorter filaments ca. 1.5 cm long, the staminode 5 mm long, inserted 11-17 cm above the base of the corolla tube; pistil 16-17 cm long, the ovary oblong, tetragonal, 1.5-2 mm long and ca. 1 mm wide, ovules ca. 6-seriate in each locule; disc cupular-pulvinate, 1.5-2 mm long and 2 mm wide. Capsule elliptic-oblong, 14-22 cm long and 6-11 cm wide, 6-8 cm thick (Elias 1306 (US), Dugand & Jaramillo 3500A (US), both from Colombia), brown with paler lenticellate flecks, glabrous or with a few lepidote scales, the valves woody, convex; seeds angular, woody, wingless but with a sharp edge on 3 sides 2.5-3.3 cm long and 3.0-3.2 cm wide, the hilum terminal and at right angles to the seed body.
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Habit
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Liana
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Note
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No Panamanian collections of this species have been seen, but it is probably a member of the flora of Panama. I have collected it in Costa Rica only a few miles from the Panamanian border, and it is also known from Colombia. Vegetatively it resembles Arrabidaea in having 3-foliolate leaves, a simple tendril, an interpetiolar glandular field, and a stem cross section with 4 phloemn arms. Its strongly raised venation on the leaf undersides, the small size of its interpetiolar glandular fields, and the swampy habitat separate it from species of Arrabidaea. A plant of lowland swampy areas along the Caribbean coast, T. jaroba occurs in regions of tropical moist forest but is probably restricted more by local edaphic than by climatic factors. It ranges from Costa Rica to Venezuela and also to Jamaica. It is only doubtfully distinct from the West Indian and Venezuelan T. crucigerum Seem. Presumably moth pollinated, it was collected in flower in Costa Rica in late May. Its thick, wingless seeds are water-dispersed, correlating with its swampy habitat and more or less circum-Caribbean distribution.
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Distribution
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in Costa Rica only a few miles from the Panamanian border, and it is also known from Colombia.
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