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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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(Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
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Genus
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CISSAMPELOS L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 1031. 1753.
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Synonym
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Dissopetalum Miers, in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3. 17:267. 1866.
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Description
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Twining shrubs, rarely erect. Leaves alternate, petiolate, more or less peltate or basifixed. Staminate inflorescence axillary, generally fasciculate, normally originat- ing in a leafy axil as multiflowered dichasia or the dichasia originating on axillary secondary branches in the axils of reduced leaves or bracts. Staminate flowers 2-merous, actinomorphic: Sepals 4, usually exteriorly pubescent; petals connately cupulate; stamens 4, the anthers sessile on a column formed by the connate fila- ments, dehiscence transverse. Pistillate flowers fasciculate in the axils of reduced leaves or bracts upon secondary, frequently fasciculate, axillary branches, zygomor- phic: Sepal 1, obovate, exteriorly pubescent; petal 1, antesepalous; carpel 1, free, gibbose, the style short, the stigma 3-lobed. Drupes subglobose; endocarp osseous, verrucose, ribbed.
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Habit
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shrubs
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Distribution
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A troublesome genus of about 25 species. North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia.
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Key
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a. Leaves conspicuously peltate, the base usually truncate or rounded, indument when present sericeous with long whitish hairs; bracts of secondary axillary branches large and foliaceous; carpels essentially glabrous; drupes 5-7 mm. long- 1. C. TROPAEOLIFOLIA aa. Leaves generally obscurely peltate or basifixed, the base cordate, rarely trun- cate or rounded, indument sericeous or tomentose with short reddish-yellow, yellowish-brown or whitish hairs; bracts of secondary axillary branches usually much reduced; carpels densely pubescent; drupes 2.5 mm. long. b. Leaves puberulent above, pubescent below; staminate inflorescence com- monly arising from the axils of bracts upon secondary, generally fascicu- late, axillary branches; sepals of staminate and pistillate flowers with conspicuous red spotting; drupes 2-4 mm. long. -2. C. FASCICULATA bb. Leaves usually more or less pubescent above and below; staminate inflor- escence commonly arising from normal leaves; sepals of staminate and pistillate flowers without conspicuous red spotting; drupes 4-5 mm. long. ----------------------------------------------------------- 3. C. PAREIRA
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Note
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The frequent appearance of Cissampelos grandifolia Triana & Planch. in Costa Rican and Colombian collections suggests its probable presence in Panama. Although several specimens have been misdetermined as Cissampelos grandifolia, I do not find the species to have been collected in Panama. The species is dis- tinguished by its much-branched and spreading paniculiform inflorescence and the large, conspicuously peltate, broadly ovate to suborbicular, long-petiolate leaves.
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