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(Last Modified On 4/5/2013)
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(Last Modified On 4/5/2013)
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Genus
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Protium Burm. f.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Fl. Ind. 88. 1768, nom. cons.
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Synonym
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Tingulong Rumph., Auct. 54. 1755. Icica Aubl., Hist. P1. Gui. Fr. 1: 337. 1775. Icicopsis Engl. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(2): 107. 1891.
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Description
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Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnate or rarely 1-foliolate, petiolate; leaflets (1-)3-9(-13), usually distinctly acuminate, the margin usually entire, petiolulate; stipules absent. Inflorescenses axillary or rarely subterminal panicles or racemes. Flowers 4-5-merous, sessile or pedicellate, functionally unisexual; calyx 4-5-lobed, imbricate, persistent in fruit; petals 4-5, free, usually some- what fleshy, induplicate-valvate, deciduous; stamens 8-10, slightly reduced and abortive in carpellate flowers, the filaments subulate to setose, free, inserted at the base of the disc, the anthers more or less oblong, dorsifixed to basifixed; disc 8-10-lobed, annular or cupuliform, thick, fleshy, pubescent to glabrous; gynoeci- um, 4-5-carpelled, the ovary 4-5-lobed and -loculed, ovoid or globose, pubescent to glabrous, abortive in staminate flowers, the ovules 2 per locule, subapical, col- lateral, pendulous, the style short, the stigma capitate, 4-5-lobed, usually persist- ent in fruit. Fruit drupaceous, globose to ovoid, ellipsoid, or turbinate, often somewhat oblique, mesocarp fleshy and resinous, usually dehiscent by 2-5 valves; pyrenes 1-5, smooth, bony, 1-seeded; embryo straight, the cotyledons simple and plano-convex.
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Habit
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Trees or shrubs
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Distribution
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A tropical genus of perhaps 100 species, mainly American, but also with species in Madagascar, the Mascarenes, and Asia from India through the Malay- an Archipelago. Seven taxa occur in Panama. Most species are South American, but in Panama only the two subspecies of Protium tenuifolium (Engl.) Engl. have South American affinities, the other five being Central American.
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Note
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Protium is a taxonomically difficult genus. Many species have been based on scanty material, and a modern revision is badly needed. Sterile collections are almost impossible to identify to species without fertile material for comparison.
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Key
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a. Leaves and inflorescences glabrous ................... 1.5P. panamense aa. Leaves (at least petioles, rachises, and petiolules) and inflorescences variously pubescent. b. Flowers 4-merous, distinctly pedicellate; fruits pedicellate, stipitate. c. Pedicels, calices, and petals yellowish-woolly .................. 2. P. pittieri cc. Pedicels, calices, and petals appressed-pubescent to sparsely puberulent. d. Petioles, rachises, and petiolules densely brownish-hirtellous....... 3. P. costaricense dd. Petioles, rachises, and petiolules minutely puberulent. e. Leaflets broadly elliptic to oblong or ovate, abruptly acuminate, acute basally . ................................... 4. P. glabrum ee. Leaflets narrowly elliptic, obtuse or obtusely subacuminate, obtuse basally ...................................... 5. P. inconforme bb. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile or sessile; fruits sessile, not stipitate. f. Inflorescences and calices minutely puberulent... 6. P. tenuifolium ssp. mcleodii ff. Inflorescences and calices ferrugineous-tomentose .................. 7. P. tenuifolium ssp. sessiliflorum
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