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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/15/2013)
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Genus
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Cupania L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 200. 1753
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Note
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TYPE: C. americana L.
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Synonym
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Trigonis Jacq., Enum. P1. Carib. 3:19. 1760. TYPE: T. tomentosa Jacq. = Cupania americana L. Trigonocarpus Vell., Fl. Flum. 1:153. 1825. TYPE: T. racemosus Vell. = Cupania castanaefolia Mart.
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Description
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Polygamous shrubs or trees with terete, sulcate stems; young branchlets usually pubescent. Leaves even- or odd-pinnate; leaflets alternate or rarely subopposite, entire or dentate, often glabrous on the upper surface, glabrous or pubescent on the lower surface, petiolate, exstipulate. Inflorescences paniculate or racemiform thyrses. Flowers small, regular; sepals 5, free, imbricate in two rows, orbicular, concave; petals 5, naked or with 1- or 2 scales within; disc annular and tumid, lobed, tomentose or glabrous; stamens usually 8, inserted within the disc, exserted in the staminate flowers, the filaments subulate-filiform, tomentose or glabrous; ovary 2-4-valvate, glabrous or pubescent outside, glabrous, tomentose or hispid inside. Fruits with seeds subglobose or oblong, arillate; embryo thick, curved, the cotyledons plano-convex, the radicle inflexed.
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Habit
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shrubs or trees
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Distribution
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About 45 species are known for this genus, all in tropical America.
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Note
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Cupania is not always easily separable from Matayba. In addition to the key character given, i.e., sepals distinct for Cupania versus sepals united for Matayba, Matayba usually has a prominently stipitate fruit in comparison to Cupania. Cupania guatemalensis and C. hirsuta are most difficult to separate from Matayba.
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Key
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a. Lower surfaces conspicuously pubescent, the trichomes either moderately long or the surface closely matted with shorter trichomes. b. Lower leaf surfaces usually white, the minute trichomes appressed and contiguous or nearly so; capsules subglobose, densely light brown tomentose ...... 1. C. cinerea bb. Lower leaf surfaces sparsely to densely reddish brown pubescent, the tri- chomes long and erect, not at all contiguous; capsules conspicuously 3-lobed, dark reddish brown hirsute or tomentose. c. Capsules with the wings extending forward, thus somewhat hornlike; leaf blades conspicuously serrate-dentate on the margins and narrowly acute at the base ...... 4. C. hirsuta cc. Capsules not as above, not at all hornlike; leaf blades entire, if not, then mostly obtuse to rounded at the base. d. Capsule lobes lacking narrowly winged margins; leaf blades mostly acute at the base ...... 3. C. guatemalensis dd. Capsule lobes with winged margins; leaf blades mostly obtuse to rounded at the base ...... 7. C. rufescens aa. Lower leaf surfaces glabrous or inconspicuously pubescent to the naked eye (younger leaves of some species may appear pubescent). e. Capsule valves glabrous or only sparsely appressed-pubescent on the outer surface. f. Leaflets entire, glabrous beneath except in the pitlike, axillary domatia ...... 9b. C. sylvatica var. fosteri ff. Leaflets serrate-dentate, appressed-pubescent on the reticulate veins beneath ...... 2. C. dukei ee. Capsule valves densely and conspicuously tomentose. g. Capsules subglobose, the valves thick, to 3 mm thick in dried specimens ...... 5. C. latifolia gg. Capsules conspicuously lobed, the valves thin, usually less than 1 mm thick in dried specimens. h. Capsules 2-lobed, the valves dark reddish brown (indian red) tomentose ...... 6. C. livida hh. Capsules 3-lobed, the valves light reddish brown, red or bright red orange. i. Capsules red to red orange, truncate to subcordate at the base, usually lacking an evident stipe, each lobe bluntly emarginate at the apex, the capsule thus appearing 6-lobed; reticulate venation of the leaflets sparsely puberulent; axils of lower lateral veins lacking pitlike or web- like domatia ...... 9a. C. sylvatica var. sylvatica ii. Capsules reddish brown, acute to attenuate at the base, usually with a short stipe, the lobes acute to rounded at the apex, not appearing 6-lobed; reticulate venation of the leaflets glabrous, the axils of the lower lateral veins usually with pitlike or weblike domatia ....... 8. C. scrobiculata
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