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(Last Modified On 10/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 10/17/2013)
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Genus
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Rheedia L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 1193. 1753
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Note
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TYPE: R. lateriflora L.
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Synonym
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Verticillaria Ruiz & Pavon, Prod. Fl. Peruv. Chile 81, t. 15. 1794. TYPE: V. acuminata R. & P. 3 Rheedia acuminata (R. & P.) P1. & Tr. Chloromyron Pers., Syn. 2: 73. 1807. TYPE: C. verticillatum Pers., superfluous name for Verticillaria acuminata R. & P. 3 Rheedia acuminata (R. & P.) P1. & Tr. ?Lamprophyllum Miers, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 21: 249. 1854; Proc. Linn. Soc. London 2:883. 1854 [1855]. TYPE: L. laetum Miers. Sp. dubium. Tsimatimia Jum. & Perrier, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. 9. 11: 256. 1910. TYPE: T. pervillei (P1. & Tr.) Jum. & Perrier Rheedia pervillei P1. & Tr.
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Description
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Polygamodioecious trees; sap yellowish or white; twigs often angular. Leaves opposite (verticillate), entire, the costa prominent, the lateral nerves numerous, parallel, irregular, sometimes in 2 series, the minor venation reticulate, a sub- marginal vein usually present, at least distally, coriaceous, petioles with a basal wedge of tissue forming an axillary pit. Inflorescences of fasciculate or solitary flowers at the leaf axils, sometimes inserted into a bracteate annulus; pedicels often elongate and slender. Flowers small, the buds globose, sepals 2, imbricate, but somewhat united basally; petals 4, decussate and imbricate, the pairs often of slightly different size, the outer pair alternating with the sepals; the stamens numerous in staminate flowers, free, inserted beneath (abaxial to) or upon a fleshy, hemispherical or lobate disc, in perfect flowers the stamens fewer, the anthers subglobose, dorsifixed, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary wanting in sta- minate flowers, in hermaphrodite flowers 3-4-loculed, partly surrounded by the disc, the ovules 1 per locule, the style forming a stipe or not, the stigmas peltate, discoid or hemispheric, entire or lobed. Fruit baccate, the pericarp leathery, smooth or tuberculate, 1-celled; seeds 1-4, faboid in shape, enveloped in a pulpy aril.
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Habit
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trees
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Distribution
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ranging through tropical America and Madagascar and is probably congeneric with a number of species in Africa now placed in Garcinia.
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Note
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Recently Robson (1958) and Adams (1970) united Rheedia with Garcinia noting that the affinities of Rheedia are with the African species of Garcinia sect. Teracentrum Pierre and sect. Rheediopsis. These two sections form subg. Rheediopsis Vesque, which is dis- tinct from other species of Garcinia in a number of respects including leaf anat- omy and which has been remarked on by Vesque (1892a, 1892b, 1893) and Engler (1925) as being closely related to Rheedia. Rather than uniting Rheedia with Garcinia as was advocated by Robson and Adams, it is probably more correct to separate subg. Rheediopsis from Garcinia and unite it with Rheedia. The other two subgenera of Garcinia, subg. Garcinia and subg. Xanthochymus, typ- ified by G. mangostana and G. pictorius respectively, both represented in this flora, are different from Rheedia in leaf architecture, histology and general ap- pearance and in complexity of the flowers. Lamprophyllum Miers is maintained here under Rheedia following Vesque (1893) and not under Calophyllum L., where it is listed in the Index Nominum Genericorum. In his first discussion of the genus, Miers considered Lampro- phyllum in apposition to Calophyllum, to C. calaba L. specifically, and the fruit he described, which is the basis for the species L. laetum, is like Rheedia in having a "thick mucilaginous pulpy arillus" and not at all like Calophyllum which has no distinguishable aril. In his second discussion of the genus, Miers included Calophyllum, but he considered C. calaba to be distinct from Lamprophyllum laetum. Vesque may have seen material annotated by Miers.
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Reference
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Adams, C. D. 1970. Miscellaneous additions and revisions to the flowering plants of Jamaica. Phytologia 20: 309-314. Robson, N. 1958. Guttiferae. In New and little known species from the Flora Zambesiaca area. Bull. Soc. Brot. 32: 170-173. Vesque, J. 1892a. Histoire des Garcinia du sous-genre Xanthochymus. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 114: 562-564. Vesque, J. 1892b. Histoire des Garcinia du sous-genre Rheediopsis. Compt. Rend. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 114: 844-846.
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Key
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a. Fruits tuberculate; leaves drying with the submarginal vein at the margin but distinguishable from it with the naked eye, the margin thus appearing sharp, lateral veins 5-6 per cm, ca. 12 including intermediate veins ...... 1. R. acuminata aa. Fruits smooth; leaves with the submarginal vein either indistinguishable from the margin when viewed from above or more than 2 mm from it, the margin thus appearing blunt or revolute, lateral veins fewer than 4 per cm, fewer than 7 per cm including intermediate veins. b. Fruit mostly less than 3 cm long; leaves mostly much more than twice as long as wide ...... 2. R. edulis bb. Fruit mostly more than 3 cm long; leaves mostly about twice as long as wide. c. Stems drying saliently angled (Fig. 8C); leaves drying brown, concolorous but usually shiny above, not lineolate beneath ...... 4. R. macrophylla cc. Stems drying moderately sulcate or terete (Fig. 8B); leaves drying discolorous, mostly dull above, lineolate beneath ...... 3. R. lateriflora
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