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(Last Modified On 8/5/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/5/2013)
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Genus
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Achimenes Pers.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Syn. PI. 2: 164. 1806, nom. cons.
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Note
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TYPE: A. coccinea (Scop.) Pers. = A. erecta (Lam.) H. P. Fuchs.
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Synonym
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Trevirana Willd., Enum. P1. Hort. Berol. 637. 1809. TYPE: T. coccinea (Scop.) Willd. = Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H. P. Fuchs. Locheria Regel, Flora 31: 251. 1848. LECTOTYPE: L. hirsuta (Lindl.) Regel = Achimenes skinneri Lindl. Guthnickia Regel, Flora 32: 179. 1849. TYPE: G. mimuliflora Regel - Achimenes antirrhina (DC.) Morton. Dicyrta Regel, Flora 32: 181. 1849. TYPE: D. warszewicziana Regel - Achimenes warszetvic- ziana (Regel) H. E. Moore. Eumolpe Decne. in Jacq. & Herincq, Man. Gen. P1. 2: 575. 1849. TYPE: E. fimbriata Decne. = Achimenes glabrata (Zucc.) Fritsch. Scheeria Seem., Bot. Mag. 79: tab. 4743. 1853. TYPE: S. niexicana Seem. - Achimenes mexicana (Seem.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Fritsch. Plectopoma Hanst., Linnaea 26: 201. 1854. TYPE: P. fimbriatum Hanst. - Achimenes glabrata (Zucc.) Fritsch.
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Description
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Perennial, terrestrial herbs from underground scaly rhizomes; stems erect to decumbent, seldom elongate, usually pubescent to pilose, unbranched. Leaves opposite or 3 in a whorl, nearly equal to very unequal in a pair, membranous, variously toothed; petioles short. Inflorescences axillary, of single flowers or of 2 or more in a short cyme. Flowers often showy; floral tube turbinate; calyx of 5 free, entire lobes; corolla erect or oblique in the calyx, either tubular with a flat spreading limb, or obliquely funnelform, often swollen or spurred on the upper side at the base, the 5-lobed limb nearly regular to 2-lipped, lobes broad, spreading or nearly erect, entire to fringed, the lower 3 lobes usually larger; stamens 4, included, didynamous, the filaments adnate to the base of the corolla tube, slender, the anthers oblong or quadrate, united apically; disc annular, cup- like, entire; ovary /2 to completely inferior, 1-celled with 2 parietal placentas, the style curved, the stigma bilobed, stomatomorphic or cupulate. Fruit a bivalved capsule, the apex conic.
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Habit
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herbs
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Distribution
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About 25 species of Achimenes are known, mainly from Central America, but also in Jamaica and South America.
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Note
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Achimenes has been in cultivation for 200 years, introduced to England from Jamaica in 1778 and is widely grown today in Europe and the United States. Plants are easily propagated and grown for their showy flowers. Most of the known species are available commercially along with many cultivars. At least three species occur in Panama. Achimenes erecta (Lam.) H. P. Fuchs is reported by many sources as occurring in Panama, but no authentic specimens of the species have been seen. Achimenes erecta differs from the red-flowered A. pedunculata by having a corolla erect in the calyx, from the blue-flowered A. longiflora by having a reddish corolla only up to 2.5 cm long, and from the white-flowered A. candida by color and the nearly cylindric corolla. The origin of the generic name Achimenes is unknown. The first user of the name, Patrick Browne, gave no explanation. Later authors have attempted, without success, to discover its derivation.
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Reference
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Arnold, P. 1969. The Gesneriad Register: Achimenes. American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society. 40 pp. Morton, C. V. 1962. The Species of Achimenes, Section Dicyrta. Baileya 10: 147-154.
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Key
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a. Corolla white with red spots; stems glabrous; stigma stoniatomorphic ...... 1. A. candida aa. Corolla red, orange, or blue to purple; stems villous or pilose; stigma bibbed. b. Corolla erect in the calyx, blue to purple, not spurred ...... 2. A. longiflora bb. Corolla oblique in the calyx, red and spotted, shoit spurred at base ...... 3. A. pedunculata
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