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Project Name Data (Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
 

Flora Data (Last Modified On 2/7/2013)
Family MAGNOLIACEAE
Contributor J. E. DANDY
Description Trees or shrubs, glabrous or with an indumentum of simple hairs; wood heteroxylous; branches annulate at the nodes with the scars of fallen stipules. Leaves alternate, stipulate, petiolate, simple; stipules large, free from the petiole or adnate to it, at first enclosing the young growths, later deciduous and leaving an annular scar round the node; lamina penninerved, entire or rarely 2- or more-lobed. Flowers terminal or axillary, usually solitary, pedunculate, actinomorphic, herma- phrodite or rarely unisexual, entomophilous, usually large and fragrant; peduncle bearing 1 or more deciduous spathaceous bracts which at first enclose the flower- bud and after falling leave annular scars. Perianth 2- or more-cyclic, 3-6-merous; tepals 6 or more, free, imbricate, usually subequal and fleshy but the outer whorl sometimes reduced in size or texture so as to simulate a calyx. Androecium of numerous free stamens spirally arranged; filaments short or more or less elongated; anthers linear, 2-thecous, introrse to extrorse, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; connec- tive often produced above ihe anther-thecae into an appendage. Gynoecium super- ior, sessile or stipitate; carpels numerous to few (rarely 1), spirally arranged, free or sometimes concrescent; ovules 2 or more, biseriate on the ventral suture. Fruit apocarpous or sometimes syncarpous; fruiting carpels dehiscing longitudinally or more rarely circumscissile or indehiscent, sometimes samaroid. Seeds 1 or more in each fruiting carpel, large, suspended (when carpel dehiscent) by a silky thread; testa arilloid or sometimes adherent to the endocarp; endosperm copious, oily; embryo minute.
Habit Trees or shrubs
Distribution Species about 220, mostly in southeast Asia, the others in tropical America and southeastern North America.
Note The two tropical American genera, Magnolia and Talauma, belong to the tribe Magnolieae and are both more strongly represented in Asia than in America. Some species of the Asiatic genus Michelia L., notably M. chaimpa~ca L. and M. figo (Lour.) Spreng., are widely planted in the tropics; this genus is distinguished from Magnolia and Talauma by its axillary flowers with a stipitate gynoecium.
Key a. Carpels free, longitudinally dehiscent in fruit, the valves persistent; stipules free from the petiole, the latter therefore unscarred -. 1. MAGNOIIA aa. Carpels concrescent at least towards the base, woody and circumscissile in fruit, the upper portions falling away, the lower portions persistent and bearing the suspended seeds; stipules adnate to the petiole, leaving a scar on its upper surface -.-------------------------.--.-------------....--2. TALAUMA
 
 
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