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(Last Modified On 5/16/2022)
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Acceptance
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Accepted
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(Last Modified On 12/7/2020)
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Contributor Text:
Abdul Ghafoor, M. Qaiser & Roohi Abid
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Contributor Institution:
Centre for Plant Conservation, University of Karachi – PAKISTAN
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Synonym Text:
Cousinia brandisi Clarke, Comp. Ind. 213. 1876; C. xanthophoenicia Bornm., Feddes Repert. Beih. 108, 1: 46. 1938; C. elasoonensis Rech. f. & Edelb., Dan. Biol. Skr. 8, 2:91. 1955.
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Flower/Fruit:
Fl. Per.: July – September Vern.: Khar (Balti), Megtham (Ladakhi)
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Type:
Lectotype: India, Kunawur, 10000 – 14000 ft., Thomas Thomson s. n. (K000786410)
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Distribution:
Afghanistan, Pakistan (Chitral, Gilgit, Kashmir), NW India, Nepal, China (Tibet).
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Comment/Acknowledgements:
The roots of this frost tolerant species are chewed as gum and used as aphrodisiac.
Common on dry hillside, on grassy flood plains, barren fields, along nullahs, slopes in dry subalpine to alpine regions between 2000 and 4400 m.
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Map Location:
A-6-7 Gilgit Dist.: Naltar, ±10,000 ft., with large basal leaves, 3.8.86, S. Malik, M. Rashid, Qutubuddin & Mansoor 459 (RAW); Astore Dist., Godai–Chillam (Road to Nangaparbat), Kashmir, 9500 ft., August 25, 1938, R R. & I. D. Stewart 18978 (NY, A & RAW); Astor, Gudhai Valley, 12 – 13000 ft., J. F. Duthie 12161 (K); Kashmir, near Rama, Astor Dist., bare land, 25. 7. 1946, ±9000 ft., R. R. Stewart 22899 (NY); Astore Dist.: Godhai Valley, 11 – 12000 ft., 22.7.92, J. F. Duthie 9458 (NY); Lower Ruppal Nullah, August 22, 1939, ±8500, R. R. & I. D. Stewart 18860 (NY); Ruppal Nullah, in desert, Astor Dist., ±9000 ft., 20. 7. 1946, R. R. Stewart 22827 (NY, K); Astor, Godai Valley, 11 – 12000 ft., 22. 7. 1892, J. F. Duthie s. n. (WU); Northern Areas, Chichi Tal, Rodungsinsel, im koniferne Wald, 3050 m, exposition 32, Neigung 5, 23. 7. 1993, M. Nüsser 139 (B); Chitral Dist.: Ziarat, 2400 m, 14.6.95, Sgt. Lt. Harriss 16285 (K); Chitral, Lahori (Lowari) top, ± 9000 ft., M.A. Siddiqui 27092 (RAW); Chitral: Golen (Krui Uts), 36˚ 1ˊ N, 72˚ 10ˊ E, 13,000 ft., Dry open hillside or among large boulders in dry soil, 27.7. 1958, S.A. Bowes-Lyon 133 (RAW); B-7 Swat Dist.: Kalam, 8 – 9000 ft., R. R. Stewart 24722 (RAW); Kalam, above Bayun, ± 3500 m, Fls. purple, 25.7. 1988, Y. Nasir 13285 (RAW); Khajii (Khaltarow), alt. 3700 m, dry sandy places, perennial herb, upto 100 cm tall, sharp-spiny, woolly hairs present on stem, leaves, flowers violet to purple, 13.7.2002, Sher Wali Khan 210-A (KUH); Naltar Valley, dry open places near cultivated fields, a spiny perennial herb, 50 – 60 cm or more tall, purplish floral heads, common, 27.7.2003, Sher Wali Khan et al., 358 (KUH); Naltar, Gilgit, ± 9800 ft., thick bushy, densely hairy, spiny herb, ca 20 cm high, 3.6.1982, Saood Omer 47 (KUH); Upper Naltar, alt. ± 3900 m, Grows in cultivated fields, erect, spiny perennial herbs with pink florets, common, 29.6.2008, Jan Alam & Karim 1864 (KUH); Haramosh, Khaijii, 20 km from Khaltarow, 3700 m, dry sandy places, perennial spiny subshrub, upto 100 cm tall, woolly hairs present on leaf, stem, florets violet to purple, 13.7.2002, Sher Wali Khan & Lalmast Khan 210 B (KUH); Gilgit, Naltar Bala, alt. ± 3000 m, Erect, branched perennial, up to 10 in. with spiny heads & pink florets, grows on grassy slope, 24.6.2002, Jan Alam & Mehboob Ali, 1781 (KUH); Ibid, Naltar Bala, alt. 3200 m, common on stony slopes, erect, branched upto ± 60 cm tall shrublet with pink heads, hairy, 20.7.2004, Jan Alam & Naeem Khan 2748 (KUH); Chitral Dist.: About 5 miles from Lowari Top on way to Chitral, erect herb, 40 cm tall, soil sandy-clay loam, 20.6.70, M. Qaiser & A. Ghafoor 1838 (KUH); B-8 Kashmir, Astor Dist.: Nanga Parbat, 15-18 June, 1898, Prof. Troll s.n. (B); Chorban, Kashmir, Alt. 8000 ft., Herb 4 ft. high, dry open ground, Fls. rose-purple, attractive, Aug. 3, 1936, Walter Koelz 9312 (A); Northern Areas, Chichi-Tal, Rodungsinsel im Koniferenwald, 3050 m, 23.7.1993, Nüsser 139 (B); Northern Areas, Sagar in Astor area, 10000 ft., 16.7.57, Dr. Zaman s.n. (RAW); B-9 Lamayaru, Ladak, Kashmir, on dry clay slope, 13000 ft., Pl. 2.5 ft., tall, fls. Rose-lavender, fragrant, R. R. Stewart s.n. (NY); Phe, Zanskar, Kashmir, in fileds, 11500 ft., Fls. Rose-lavender, slightly fragrant, pl. 3 ft tall, Sept. 16, 1931, Walter Koelz 2981 (NY); Seni, Zanskar, Kashmir, alt. ca 12000 ft., Fls. Rose-Purple, , 19 – 21 July, 1933, Walter Koez 5811 (NY & A); Skagam, Zanskar Dist.: Jammu & Kashmir State, 11500 ft., moist loamy soil at edge of Barley fields, deep roots, few starting to seed, 23.7.1981, M. Grace, E. Bailey, D. Bull & S. Carr 140 (K); Rabila, Mulbekh, Ladakh, Kashmir, 28 – 29 July 1933, W. Koelz 6145 (NY); Kashmir, Dras, Very Common, on dry hillsides, Aug. 30 – 31, 1922, 10 – 12000 ft., R. R. Stewart 7448 (NY); Kashmir, Dras, Ladak, 10000 ft., 1.8.1891, G. A. Gammie s.n. (K); Dras, 11000 ft., Aug. 1928, R.R. Stewart 9986 (RAW, KUH); Dras, Ladak, ± 10,000 ft., 29.8. 1940, R.R. Stewart 21187 (RAW); Kashmir, Vicinity of Dras, 88 road-miles east-northeast of Srinagar, over 10000 ft., July-August, 1928, F.G. Dickason 1589 (MICH); B-9 Rabila, Mulbech, Ladakh, Kashmir, 28-29 July 1933, Walter Koelz 6145 (MICH)
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Erect, 30 – 40 (-50) cm tall, remotely densely foliated, many-stemmed perennial shrublet. Stem basally indurated, caespitose, bearing membranous remains of petioles of decayed leaves and woolly white-floccose hairs on internodes. Leaves thick, leathery, discolorous, green and glabrescent above, appressed white tomentose beneath; basal leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, 10 – 15 cm long, 2 – 3 cm wide, pectinately irregularly lobed, rachis wide, lobes narrowly lanceolate-triangular, with strong, 5 – 7 spines on both sides, basal lobules ± palmate with shorter spines; cauline leaves semiamplexicaul, often much dilated, non-decurrent and sessile, gradually smaller upwards, irregularly sinuately spinescently lobed, with strong terminal spines. Capitula (2–) 3 – 4 (– 6) cm in diameter including spines. Involucre depressed-semiglobose, 3 – 4 cm wide, basally umbilicate, densely to laxly arachnoid hairy. Phyllaries 60 – 70, often all equally long; outermost usually somewhat patent or ± recurved; median erect to spreading, basally slightly dilated, terminating in a glabrescent, often purplish or blackish spine; innermost phyllaries soft, membranous, lanceolate, scabrid papillate. Receptacular bristles scabrous. Florets numerous per capitulum. Corolla purplish, 1.2 – 1.6 cm long, tube 5 – 6 mm long, limb 8 – 10 mm long with 3 – 4 mm long lobes. Anther tube purplish or pinkish, glabrous. Cypselas brown, obovoid, ca 5 mm long, rounded at the apices.
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