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(Last Modified On 5/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/14/2013)
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Subspecific
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Sambucus canadensis var. laciniata A. Gray
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PlaceOfPublication
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Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 9. 1844.
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Note
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TYPE: Indian River, Florida, Palmer, 1874 (MO).
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Synonym
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Sambucus simpsonii Rehd. in Sarg., Trees & Shrubs 2: 187, t. 175. 1911. TYPE: Bradentown, Manatee Co., Florida, Simpson, "June 1910" (A). Sambucus intermedia var. insularis Schwerin, Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 18: 38. 1909. TYPE: Not seen.
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Description
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Shrub or herb-like tree, to 4 m tall, sarmentose; stems terete, glabrous, usually drying with a striate or furrowed appearance; twigs green or purplish, glabrous This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Thu, 9 May 2013 15:30:06 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] D'ARCY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 180. Caprifoliaceae) 161 or soon glabrescent, the pith white. Leaves 3-5 (-10) -foliolate; leaflets mostly ovate, obovate, or elliptical, apically acuminate, basally obtuse, 4-11 cm long, the margins irregularly serrate except the basal 1/5, glabrate or sparingly pubescent on the veins, sometimes with occasional subsessile glands; the veins mostly 4-5 on each side of the midvein; petiolules short, to 8 mm long, mostly pubescent above and glabrate on the sides and beneath; the petiole green or purplish, glabrate, somewhat clasping at the base, often with pairs of glands along its length and at the base where they resemble stipules. Inflorescences showy, 2-4 times compound glabrate cymes situated above the leaves on elongate peduncles to 16 mm long, the first division an umbel of 5 unequal branches often subtended by small glan- dular bracts; pedicels to 5 mm long or absent, glandular bracteoles sometimes present. Flowers white, fragrant; calyx ca. 1 mm long, the tube campanulate, glabrate with a few minute hairs, lobed to ca. 1/3 of the way down, the lobes obtuse, glabrous, persistent on the fruit; corolla campanulate-rotate, ca. 2 mm long (3-4 mm in diameter), sometimes with a few hairs near the apex of the short tube, deeply-lobed, the lobes rotund, glabrous, quincuncial in bud; stamens exserted, equal, the filaments glabrous, the anthers ca. 0.75 mm long, ellipsoidal, often dehiscing before the corolla opens; the ovary (1-)4-5-loculed, the style (superior portion of the ovary) glabrous, the stigmas as many as the locules, more or less connate, often unequal. Fruit unknown in Panama.
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Habit
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Shrub or herb-like tree
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Distribution
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Sambucus canadensis ranges from Canada to Panama and has been introduced to South America. The var. laciniata which occurs in Panama is native to southern Florida, the Greater Antilles, and parts of Central America, but it has been widely planted throughout this range as an ornamental and medicinal plant so that the boundaries of its natural range are indeterminate.
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Note
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This variety is not known to fruit in Panama nor in the Antilles, but as it roots readily from trash and may be long persistent after planting by man, plants are often found well away from currently inhabited sites. It is distinct from var. canadensis in its sturdier trunks, reduced pubescence, and usually smaller and more irregularly serrate leaves. There is also a strong tendency for one or more of the basal leaflets to be lobed or divided, resulting in a partial double pinnation. Much Panamanian material of this variety has been misdetermined as Sambucus mexicana var. bipinnata (Cham. & Schlecht.) Schwerin. Both S. mexicana Presl and the variety bipinnata are dis- tinct in having densely pubescent petiolules and petioles and usually greater overall pubescence. This pubescence includes hairs of different lengths, some glandular and some eglandular. Although a lectotype has not been chosen for Sambucus intermedia var. insularis Schwerin, the selection must be from one of the several Antillean collec- tions listed in the protologue and not one of the Central American collections which include the lectotype of S. oreopola Donn. Sm., a different variety. In the Chiriqui mountains Sambucus canadensis var. laciniata is much planted as an ornamental and for the reputed medicinal properties of the roots. Escapes are frequent.
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Common
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Elderberry sauco
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Specimen
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-CHIRIQUI: Near El Boquete, 900 m, Allen 1014 (MO). Detras de cabafia de Florida State University ca. 6 km del pueblo de Cerro Punta, Correa 1237 (MO, PMA). Near Audubon Cabin (Volcan District), Croat 13789 (F, MO). Chiquero, Boquete District, 4500 ft, Davidson 542 (A, MO). Boquete along roadside, 4300 ft, Hayden 157 (MO). Frequent in moist sunny areas 1 mi. E of Cuesta de Piedra 2880 ft, Tyson 910 (MO).
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