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(Last Modified On 5/14/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/14/2013)
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Species
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Sambucus peruviana H.B.K.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Nov. Gen. Sp. 429. 1818.
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Note
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TYPE: Peru, Bon- pland (not seen).
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Description
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Shrub or tree, to 20 m tall, stems terete, glabrous, usually drying finely striate; the pith white or slightly buff-colored. Leaves somewhat fleshy, mostly 7-11- foliolate; leaflets ovate, oblong or lanceolate, apically acuminate, mostly rounded basally, sometimes obtuse, 8-20 cm long, the margins evenly fine-serrate almost to the base, above glabrous except for minute simple hairs on the midvein, beneath This content downloaded from 192.104.39.2 on Thu, 9 May 2013 15:30:06 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions1973] D'ARCY-FLORA OF PANAMA (Family 180. Caprifoliaceae) 163 finely pubescent with short erect often curved hairs, especially on the veins, the veins mostly 7-10 on each side of the midvein; petiolules short, to 15 mm long, glabrate sometimes with stipule-like processes at the base, petiole glabrous, some- what clasping at the base. Inflorescences large and showy, 3-5-times compound, glabrate cymes to 40 *cm in diameter, situated above the leaves on elongate peduncles, the first division an umbel of 5 unequal branches often subtended by inconspicuous glandular bracts; pedicels to 8 mm long or absent, minute bracteoles mostly present, the nodes of the inflorescence minutely pubescent with glandular or eglandular hairs, the glands mostly drying dark reddish. Flowers white, calyx ca. 1 mm long, the tube companulate, glabrous, often glandular, lobed to ca. 1/3 of the way down, the lobes glabrous, obtuse, persistent in fruit; corolla campanu- late-rotate, ca. 2 mm long (3-5 mm in diameter), deeply-lobed, the lobes rotund, quincuncial in bud; stamens exserted, equal; ovary 5-loculed, the style (superior portion of the ovary) glabrous, sometimes expanding to 1 mm long in fruit, the stigmas 5, connate in a ring, nearly equal. Fruit a juicy globose berry 7-9 mm in diameter, smooth, shiny, without trace of a bloom or furrows when fresh, when dry turbinoid, 2 mm in diameter and 3-4 mm high, recessed beneath with 4-5 prominent longitudinal ridges; seeds 5.
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Habit
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Shrub or tree
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Distribution
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Sambucus peruviana ranges from Argentina to at least as far north as Costa Rica. In Panama it is known only at upper elevations in the Chiriqui mountains, where it occurs in pastures and in the forests.
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Note
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This species is the largest in the genus, reaching the proportions of a substantial tree. The leaves, inflorescences, and fruits are also larger than in any other species in the genus. Quite distinctive in the field, S. peruviana may be difficult to distinguish on the herbarium sheet from some forms of S. canadensis. The fine, even serration of the leaves which continues into the rounded leaf base will distinguish S. peruvianum from S. canadensis var. laciniata, but these features are also present in Costa Rican specimens which have been identified as S. canadensis var. oreopola (Donn. Sm.) Rehd. Fruits of South American S. peruviana reportedly ripen black, but collec- tors' notes on Panamanian specimens mentioned red fruits. The only fresh fruits seen (D'Arcy 6572) were immature and pinkish-yellow.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: Robalo Trail, N slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 6000-7000 ft, Allen 5011 (MO). Cerro Horqueta, 7000 ft, Blum & Dwyer 2630 (MO, SCZ). Pastures along road S of Cerro Punta, Croat 10432 (F, MO). In low wet area by dwellings, Nueva California, D'Arcy 5347 (C, MO, PMA). In overgrown pasture area between Cerro Punta (town) and Cerro Respinga, 6400 ft, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6572 (AC, MO, UCWI). Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, dense woodland in cloud forest, 5000-6000 ft, Dwyer & Hayden 7699 (MO). Cerro Horqueta, cloud forest, 6000 ft, Hagen & Hagen 2097 (MO). Streamside near Nueva Suisa ca. 2 mi. E of Cerro Punta, 5700 ft, Wilbur et al. 13010 (PMA).
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