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(Last Modified On 9/13/2013)
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(Last Modified On 9/13/2013)
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Species
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Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Enum. P1. Carib. 16. 1760.
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Note
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TYPE: Colombia, Jacquin.
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Synonym
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Psychotria foveolata Ruiz & Pav6n, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 2: 59. 1799. TYPE: Peru, Ruiz & Pavon. Not seen. Psychotria alba Ruiz & Pav6n, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 2: 58. 1799. TYPE: Peru, Ruiz & Pavon. Not seen. Psychotria fockeana Miq., Linnaea 18: 296. 1844. TYPE: Surinam, Focke 269. Not seen.
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Description
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Shrubs to 4 m tall, the branchlets terete, smooth, glabrous, the nodes often proximate, the pith present or absent, if present, often drying dark. Leaves nar- rowly obovate lanceolate or obovate oblong, occasionally inequilateral, 5-13 cm long, 1.8-4.5 cm wide, tapering obtusely or deltoidly toward the apex, acute or vaguely acuminate, the acumen usually widely deltoid and obtuse, basally atten- uate acute, the costa slender, plane or grooved above, prominulous beneath, papyraceous, glabrous, often drying red, the lateral veins 8-9, widely arcuate; petioles 0.2-1.0 cm long, the blade lightly decurrent; stipules caducous, oblong to ovate triangular, to 8 mm long, obtuse, brown, glabrous. Inflorescences ter- minal, solitary, paniculate, usually widely ovate rotund in outline, to 9 cm long, to 5.5 cm wide, glabrous, the peduncles wiry, angular, usually stiff, to 5 cm long, to 0.15 cm wide, the primary branches 4-nate, occasionally opposite, radiate and usually ascending, to 1.5 cm long, the next pair above opposite or 4-nate, the rachis then terminated by several short branches; bracts ovate triangular, to 1 mm long. Flowers subsessile; hypanthium oblong rotund, ca. 1 mm long, minutely puberulent, the calycine cup 0.3 mm long, carnose with a few small glands within, puberulent marginally, the teeth 5, scarcely distinguishable; corolla white, ca. 5 mm long, the tube subcampanulate, ca. 3 mm long, constricted below the middle, glabrous or puberulent externally, bearded above the middle within, the lobes 5, oblong, ca. 2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, carnose petaloid; stamens 5, the anthers oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long, dorsifixed near the base, the filaments ca. 2 mm long, attached ca. 1 mm below the mouth; style 4 mm long, dilated above the middle, the stigmas crassate, ca. 1 mm long; ovarian disc ca. 0.3 mm long, annular. Fruits to 5.5 mm long, rounded at the apex and base, drying red, glabrous, the raphides abundant, 10-ribbed, the ribs rounded, 10-sulcate, the calycine cup persisting, scarcely evident; pedicels to 2 mm, oblong.
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Habit
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Shrubs
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Distribution
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a common species throughout Central America and South America, and it also occurs in Trinidad and Tobago.
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Note
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I have reduced P. alba Ruiz & Pavon to synonomy following L. B. Smith's recommendation (1958). The Panamanian material heretofore identified as P. alba is poor.
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Specimen
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CANAL ZONE: Between Madden Wye and Summit Naval Radio Station, Croat 15023 (MO). C-15 Road, Blum & Dwyer 2494 (MO). Quarry Heights, Dwyer 2622 (MO). Fort Clayton, Dwyer & Robyns 8 (MO). Culebra, Killip 3430 (US). Mt. Hope, Heriberto (US). Chivi-Chivi Trail, Maxon & Harvey 6582 (US). Anc6n, Piper 5554 (US). Gamboa, Pittier 3414 (A, US). Balboa, Standley 25501, 27125, 29269, 32119, 32129 (all US). Rio Paraiso, Standley 29845, 29855 (both US). 12 mi S of Col6n, Rio Providencia, Tyson & Blum 3988 (MO). BARRO COLORADO ISLAND: Croat 10337, 10347, 15110 (all MO). CHIRIQUf: NW side of Cerro Pando, Croat 15590 (MO). Monte Rey above Boquete, Croat 15710 (MO). Las Cumbres, Cerro Punta, Croat & Porter 16116 (MO). Cerro Colorado, Folsom & Collins 1771 (MO). Road to Bajo Mono, Folsom et al. 2250 (MO). El Volcan, White 187 (MO). Upper Chiriqui Viejo, 1300-1900 m, White & White 10 (MO). COCLE: El Valle, Folsom & Kauke 2748 (MO); Lewis et al. 3543 (MO). Penonome, Williams 59, 239 (both US). DARIEN: Rio Chico, Burch et al. 1118 (MO, SCZ). Rio Sambu, Duke 9279 (MO). 2 km N of Santa Fe, Duke 10230 (MO). HERRERA: Ocu, Rio Pasoancho, Stern et al. 1735 (MO). LOS SANTOS: Punta Mala, D'Arcy & Croat 4222 (MO). Pedasi, Dwyer 2489 (MO). 9 mi N of Tonosi, Luteyn & Foster 1387 (MO). Tonosi, Stern et al. 1813 (MO, US). PANAMA: El Llano, Duke 5517, 5517a (both MO). Cermefno, Dwyer 6560, 6588 (both MO); Dwyer & Robyns 3 (MO). San Jose Island, Erlanson 91 (US). Chorrera, Killip 3407 (US). Rio Tocumen, Standley 29355, 29410 (both US). 4 mi W of Chepo, Tyson 6741 (MO). 2 mi S of Tocumen Airport, Tyson & Clewell 5875 (MO). VERAGUAS: Valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 15.6 km NW of Santa Fe, 450-550 m, Croat 27647 (MO). Just S of Santa Fe, Nee 8036 (MO).
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