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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 8/15/2013)
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Species
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Castilleja arvensis Schlecht. & Cham.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Linnaea 5: 103. 1830.
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Note
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TYPE: Mexico, near Jalapa, Schiede & Deppe (not seen).
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Synonym
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Castilleja communis Benth. in DC., Prodr. 10: 529. 1846. LECTOTYPE: Mexico, Vera Cruz, Jalapa, Linden 212 (not seen, photo NY), designated by Pennell. Castilleja communis fo. johnstoniae Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 86. 1944. TYPE: Guatemala, Santa Lucia Cotz, Standley 63500 (F). Castilleja agrestis Pennell, Fieldiana, Bot. 28(3): 519. 1953. TYPE: Mexico, Michoacan, Patzcuaro, Pringle 3349 (PH).
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Description
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Annual herb; stems 1-8 dm tall, usually simple, sometimes sparingly branched above, often with fleshy leaf scales (tubercles) at the base; herbage villous to hirsute, usually with viscid and gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 3-6(-10) cm long, 5-15(-22) mm broad, entire, oblanceolate or narrow lanceolate to elliptic or obovate, usually tapering to a petiolar base, the midvein and usually 2 lateral veins prominent, the larger leaves irregularly pinnately veined. Inflorescence a dense, many flowered spike, glandular villous; bracts lanceolate to oblanceolate, tipped with red to orange or occasionally yellow. Flowers small; calyx 9-12 mm long, the median cleft subequal, 3-5 mm deep, the primary lobes entire, truncate or rounded, viscid villous below, densely glandular puberulent on the rigid lobes, distally colored as on the bracts; corolla included in the calyx, usually about 1 mm shorter to as long as the calyx, the galea 2.5-5 mm long, the lower lip much reduced with 3 lanceolate lobes, the tube longer than the galea, 6-8.5 mm long. Fruit a capsule, 5-7 mm long, round, obovoid spherical, often blackish brown; seeds numerous, elongate, truncate at the summit.
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Habit
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herb
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Note
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Castilleja arvensis is the most widespread species of Castilleja,
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Distribution
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ranging from central and northeastern Mexico south through Central America to nearly through- out South America, and it has been introduced to Hispafiola and Hawaii.
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Note
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It most commonly occurs in disturbed areas such as pastures, cornfields, roadsides and open forests from near sea level to about 2500 m elevation, and it flowers year-round.
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Specimen
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CHIRIQUI: Cerro Punta, 2000 m, Allen 1557 (MO, NY, US). Burica Peninsula, Rabo de Puerco, 8 km W of Puerto Armuelles, 150 m, Busey 451 (MO). Camino entre Bambito y La Amenaza, 6000 ft, Correa 1297 (PMA). Methodist Camp near Nueva Swissa, Croat 13523 (MO). 1 mi E of Cafias Gordas, near Costa Rican border, Croat 22317 (MO). Las Cumbres, N of Quebroad Iglesia, near town of Cerro Punta, Croat & Porter 16100 (MO). Slope of La Popa above Boquete, 5400 ft, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6407 (MO). Across Rio Chiriqui Viejo from town of Cerro Punta, D'Arcy & D'Arcy 6524 (MO). Bajo Mono, Boquete District, 4500 ft, Davidson 502 (MO). Cerro Respinga, E of town of Cerro Punta, 2000-2500 m, Gentry 5922 (MO). El Boquete, 1300 m, Killip 3509 (US); Maurice 700 (US). 2.5 km SE of town of Cerro Punta, Mori & Kallunki 5642 (MO). Bajo Grande, 1-3 km E of town of Cerro Punta, 2000-2200 m, Nee 9985 (MO). Around Boquete, 1000-1300 m, Pittier 2851 (US). Cerro Punta, 6800 ft, Ridgway & Solts 2410 (MO). 2 mi W of Cerro Punta, across the river, 6000 ft, Tyson 7176 (PMA). Valley of the upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, 1300-1900 m, White & White 32 (MO). Finca Lerida to Pefia Blanca, 1750-2000 m, Woodson & Schery 291 (MO). Vicinity of Bajo M-ona and Quebrada Chiquero, 1500 m, Woodson & Schery 527 (MO). Boquete, 1200-1500 m, Woodson & Schery 801 (MO).
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