青藓科   qing xian ke

by Wang You-fang and Hu Ren-liang

 

Plants slender to rather robust, in various colors, somewhat glossy to glossy, in loose or dense mats. Stems prostrate or ascending, rarely erect, irregularly or pinnately branched; paraphyllia absent; pseudoparaphyllia mostly lacking; central strand developed or absent. Leaves appressed, erect, or slightly secund, usually plicate, broadly to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, often acuminate, sometimes bluntly acuminate or acute at apex; margins plane or slightly recurved, usually serrulate or serrate; costae single, rather strong, often ending below the leaf apex, sometimes projecting at the tips; median leaf cells rhombic, rhomboidal, or linear, smooth or prorate; alar cells often differentiated, quadrate, sometimes well differentiated in a small group. Autoicous or dioicous. Perichaetia lateral; perichaetial leaves differentiated. Setae elongate, smooth, roughened, or papillose; capsules usually curved, asymmetric, inclined to horizontal, rarely erect, symmetric, ovoid, elongate-ellipsoidal, necks very short or indistinct, stomata present; opercula conic-rostrate, often with a long beak; annuli usually developed; peristome double; exostome teeth 16, narrowly lanceolate, reddish, united at base, often cross-striolate at base; endostome segments often separated, mostly as long as the teeth, linear-lanceolate, keeled; basal membrane high; cilia well developed, reduced or absent. Calyptrae cucullate, smooth. Spores spherical, smooth or papillose.

1. Leaves orbicular, cochleariform-concave, rounded-obtuse or bluntly apiculate at apex........... 7. Myuroclada

1. Leaves ovate, oblong, not orbicular, not or only slightly concave, acuminate or acute at apex........................ 2

2. Stems pinnately branched; leaves deeply multi-plicate; costae often radiculose at ventral surface...............

2. Stems irregularly to subpinnately branched; leaves plane to moderately 2–4-plicate, costae not radiculose........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3

3. Perichaetia large, with numerous, recurved and squarrose perichaetial leaves; opercula scarcely or shortly rostrate...........................................................................................................................................1. Brachythecium

3. Perichaetia small, with a few, erect and straight perichaetial leaves; opercula mostly long rostrate............... 4

4. Costae of branch leaves often ending with one or several teeth on the back of leaves........ 5. Eurhynchium

4. Costae of branch leaves not ending with teeth on the back of leaves.............................................................. 5

5. Costae of branch leaves usually becoming slender upward; leaf cells usually strongly prorate....... 2. Bryhnia

5. Costae of branch leaves stout, scarcely slender upward; leaf cells smooth....................................................... 6

6. Leaves triangularly lanceolate; alar cells strongly thick-walled; capsules erect, symmetric........................ 7

6. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate; alar cells thin-walled; capsules inclined to horizontal, arcuate, asymmetric........................................................................................................................... 9

7. Leaves nearly truncate at the insertion; alar cells extending across the entire leaf bases; exostome teeth smooth at base, papillose above; endostome segments reduced; cilia absent....................... 6. Homalothecium

7. Leaves cordate or auriculate at the insertion; alar cells in large and conspicuous groups; exostome teeth cross-striolate at base; endostome segments well developed; cilia often present............................................. 8

8. Alar cells moderately thick-walled; basal juxtacostal cells not pitted............................... 3. Camptothecium

8. Alar cells thick-walled; basal juxtacostal cells strongly pitted........................................... 8. Palamocladium

9. Leaves abruptly tapering to a piliferous point, cochleariform-concave..................................... 4. Cirriphyllum

9. Leaves gradually tapering to an acute or long acuminate point, flat, not concave............................................ 10

10. Branches not complanate; leaves narrowly lanceolate; setae scabrous........................ 9. Rhynchostegiella