Tropicos | Name - Pedicularis L.

Pakistan > Orobanchaceae > Pedicularis

Choose Project down

English

Pedicularis L.

Search in Index Nominum Genericorum (ING)

Search in African Plants Database at Geneva Botanical Garden

African Plants, Senckenberg Photo Gallery

Export To PDF

Export To Word

Perennial or annual hemiparasitic herbs. Stems solitary or tufted, erect, ascending, decumbent or prostrate, unbranched or less commonly branched. Radical leaves present (often in a cluster) or absent. Cauline leaves alternate, opposite or in whorls of 3 to 5. Lamina pinnatifid, pinnatisect or occasionally crenate or dentate, never completely entire. Inflorescence a lax to dense raceme (often spike- or head-like), opening from bottom upwards (centripetal) or top downwards (centrifugal), or flowers axillary or arising directly from crown. Bracts present, leaflike or not. Flowers pedicellate or rarely sessile. Calyx cylindrical, tubular, campanulate or urceolate; tube sometimes ± deeply cleft anteriorly, straight or curved, 2–5 lobes or teeth entire or variously divided or toothed. Corolla usually pink to purple, less commonly yellow or white, very variable in shape, comprising a tube equal to or longer than calyx, 3-lobed lower lip (labellum) and hooded upper lip (galea); galea erect or more usually strongly bent at middle, without or more rarely with teeth on anterior side, divided into a lower erect part, ± inflated central anther-bearing part and usually an apical beak(beak absent in some species); beak, when present, frequently elongated or curved or coiled. Stamens 4, didynamous; filaments long, inserted at base, middle or top of corolla tube, all glabrous, all hairy or one pair hairy, the other glabrous; anthers concealed within middle part of galea which is split on its ventral margin. Style long, equalling or just exserted from tip of galea. Fruit capsule, often with acute or acuminate apex. Seeds numerous, small; testa striate or reticulate.

About 750 species, distributed in Eurasia, North America and Mexico. It is represented by 32 species in Pakistan.

In the APG III classification (2009) Pedicularis is included in the family Orobanchaceae.

Export To PDF

Export To Word

1.	+	Cauline leaves alternate or absent.	2
	–	Cauline leaves opposite, or usually in whorls of 3 or 4.	12
2.	+	Inflorescence centrifugal (opening from top to downwards).	3
	–	Inflorescence centripetal (opening from bottom to upwards) or all flowers opening almost simultaneously.	5
3.	+	Plants 12–60 cm high in flower; leaves basal and numerous cauline; galea with long, straight or ± curved or coiled beak (Ser. 15. Bicornutae).	4
	–	Plants 1–5 cm high in flower; leaves mostly basal; galea beakless (Ser. 10. Flammeae).	22. P. oederi
4.	+	Upper cauline leaves sessile; upper lip (galea) of corolla not hidden by ± spreading lateral lobes; beak of galea curved upwards, the lobes of its bifid tip remaining close together.	31. P. elephantoides
	–	Upper cauline leaves petiolate; upper lip (galea) of corolla hidden by lateral lobes that are rotated and enfolded; galea twisted like a corkscrew, its beak not curved upwards, the lobes of its bifid tip spreading widely like horns.	32. P. bicornuta
5.	+	Galea beakless or with a short straight beak up to 3 mm long, its anterior side with 2 teeth or prongs.	6
	–	Galea with a beak at least 5 mm long.	8
6.	+	Stems <15 cm high, usually 1–10 cm high; corolla pinkish or crimson; lateral teeth of calyx not connivent in pairs (Ser. 11. Sudeticae).	23. P. karakorumiana
	–	Stems 20–45 cm high; corolla yellowish (sometimes with the galea purple-tinged); 4 lateral teeth of calyx connivent in two pairs (Ser. 12. Comosae).	7
7.	+	Corolla tube equalling calyx; galea not tinged purple; beak 1–1.5 mm long.	24. P. brevirostris
	–	Corolla tube 2–4 mm longer than calyx; galea often heavily tinged purple, beak 2–2.5 mm long.	25. P. dolichorhiza
8.	+	Calyx with 5 teeth, 2 pairs back-to-back and a much smaller posterior one (Ser. 13. Rhinanthoides).	9
	–	Calyx with 2 or 3 teeth 10 (Ser. 14. Longiflorae).	10
9.	+	Corolla whitish or cream with dirty violet galea.	27. P. elephas
	–	Corolla pink, rose or magenta.	26. P. rhinanthoides
10.	+	Corolla pink, rose or magenta, with white centre; stems hairy; leaves pinnatisect.	29. P. punctata
	–	Corolla yellow; stems glabrous; leaves pinnatifid.	11
11.	+	Calyx narrowed at mouth, with 2 teeth; corolla with chocolate-brown comma-like marks on lower lip; corolla tube 25–50 mm long, >2–5 × calyx; all filaments pilose.	28. P. longiflora subsp. tubiformis
	–	Calyx not narrowed at mouth, with 3 teeth; corolla lacking chocolate-brown marks on lower lip; corolla tube c. 17 mm long, <2 × calyx; posterior filaments glabrous.	30. P. numeniicephala
12.	+	Galea of corolla beakless or with a very short beak much less than 4 mm long.	13
	–	Galea of corolla with a distinct beak at least 4 mm long.	19
13.	+	Annual >30 cm high; stem hairs in 4 lines (Ser. 1. Molles).	1. P. mollis
	–	Perennial <30 cm high; stem hairs if present not in 4 lines.	14
14.	+	Corolla magenta or purplish.	15
	–	Corolla chiefly yellowish, whitish or bluish-white, sometimes with purplish tinge at tips of lips.	16
15.	+	Galea longer than the labellum, with a very short (0.2–0.3 mm) obtuse beak; corolla purplish with white markings; petiole of basal leaves 30–60 mm; lamina of cauline leaves 12–50 × 3–6 mm; calyx split to 1/3 anteriorly (Ser. 2. Cheilanthifoliae p.p.).	3. P. purpurea
	–	Galea equal or shorter than the labellum, completely beakless; corolla pink or rose; petiole of basal leaves 5–25(–30) mm long; lamina of cauline leaves 6–8 × c. 2 mm; calyx not split anteriorly (Ser. 5. Verticillatae).	7. P. roylei
16.	+	Stems with hairs mostly in 4 rows or lines; petiole subequalling lamina (Ser. 2. Cheilanthifoliae p.p.).	17
	–	Stems either with hairs all over, or glabrous except in inflorescence; petiole distinctly shorter than lamina (Ser. 3. Pycnanthae).	18
17.	+	Leaf segments 2–3.5 mm long, glandular-puberulent beneath; bracts narrowly spathulate.	2. P. albida
	–	Leaf segments less than 2 mm long, slightly pubescent beneath; bracts lanceolate.	4. P. svenhedinii
18.	+	Lamina 3–14 × 0.6–30 cm, bipinnatipartite; corolla whitish-yellow or greenish-yellow; corolla tube cylindrical, about ½ exserted from the calyx.	5. P. pycnantha
	–	Lamina 2–3.5 × 0.4–0.6 cm, pinnatisect or deeply pinnatipartite; corolla clear yellow; corolla tube infundibular about ¼ exserted from the calyx.	6. P. verae
19.	+	Annuals.	20
	–	Perennials.	21
20.	+	Calyx 3–4 mm wide, split to 1/3 anteriorly, with small setaceous posterior tooth; capsule 12–16 × c. 6 mm (Ser. 6. Brevifoliae).	8. P. brevifolia
	–	Calyx 2–2.5 mm wide, not split anteriorly, with all 5 teeth subequal and not setaceous; capsule 6–8 × 3–4 mm (Ser. 8. Graciles).	10. P. gracilis subsp. stricta
21.	+	Galea beak straight (Ser. 7. Debiles).	9. P. Heydei
	–	Galea beak curved, coiled or S-shaped (Ser. 9. Tenuirostres).	22
22.	+	Most or all cauline leaves sessile; corolla usually yellow, cream or white (galea with purple or red tinge).	11. P. tenuirostris
	–	Most or all cauline leaves petiolate, or narrowed into petiole-like bases; corolla usually rose, mauve, wine-coloured or purple (rarely bluish-white when fresh: P. caeruleoalbescens).	23
23.	+	Bracts, including lowest ones, with entire margins.	24
	–	Bracts, at least lower ones, with margins partly or wholly crenate or pinnatifid.	27
24.	+	Galea beak 12–17 mm long; calyx not cleft anteriorly.	18. P. pyramidata
	–	Galea beak 6–10.5 mm long; calyx at least slightly cleft anteriorly.	25
25.	+	Corolla very pale bluish, almost white, when fresh; galea beak 6–7 mm long; basal leaves always present at anthesis, cauline ones 10–15 mm long.	17. P. caeruleoalbescens
	–	Corolla reddish, purple, lavender or mauve; galea beak 7–10.5 mm long; basal leaves almost always withered at anthesis, cauline ones 25–90 mm long.	26
26.	+	Calyx teeth 5, none fused, larger four 2–4 mm long; corolla tube 12–14 mm long, longer than calyx.	19. P. kashmiriana
	–	Calyx teeth 3 or 4 by reduction through unequal fusion of lateral teeth, 1–2 mm long; corolla tube 6–8 mm long, ± included in calyx.	20. P. multiflora
27.	+	Cauline leaves in whorls of 4.	28
	–	Cauline leaves in whorls of 3 or opposite.	29
28.	+	Cauline leaves (12–)23–60 mm wide, 1.3–2.2 × as long as wide; calyx deeply split anteriorly; capsule 11–13 mm long, shorter than calyx.	16. P. stewartii
	–	Cauline leaves 4–12 mm wide, 5–11 × as long as wide; calyx not split anteriorly; capsule c. 9.5 mm long, scarcely exserted from calyx.	14. P. staintonii
29.	+	Galea beak 4.5–8.5(–9) mm long.	30
	–	Galea beak (9–)10–16 mm long.	31
30.	+	Inflorescence whorls rather distant, internodes longer than calyces; calyx 9–11 mm long; galea beak coiled downwards and inwards.	15. P. murreeana
	–	Inflorescence whorls mostly ± contiguous, only the lowest more remote; calyx 6–9 mm long; galea beak turned upwards.	21. P. cyrtorhyncha
31.	+	Petioles of cauline leaves expanded and flattened in proximal half and ciliate.	13. P. bipinnatifida
	–	Petioles of cauline leaves not expanded or flattened in proximal half, ± glabrous.	12. P. pectinata