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(Last Modified On 7/31/2013)
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(Last Modified On 7/31/2013)
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Genus
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Cayaponia Manso
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PlaceOfPublication
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Enum. Subst. Bras. 31. 1836, nom. cons.
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Note
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TYPE: C. diffusa Manso.
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Synonym
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Arkezostis Raf., N. Fl. N. Amer. 4: 100. 1836. [1838] TYPE: A. quinqueloba Raf. Perianthopodus Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 28. 1836. TYPE: P. espelina Manso. Alternasemina Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 35: 1836. TYPE: A. tayvia Manso. Druparia Manso, Enum. Subst. Bras. 35. 1836, non Clairville, 1811. TYPE: D. racemosa Manso. Trianosperma (Torr. & Gray) Mart., Syst. Mat. Med. Bras. 79. 1843. TYPE: T. boykinii (Torr. & Gray) Roem. Allagosperma Roem., Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2: 15, 68. 1846. TYPE: not designated. Cionandra Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 286. 1860. TYPE: not designated. Antagonia Griseb., PI. Lorentz. 96. 1874. TYPE: A. citrullifolia Griseb.
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Description
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Dioecious or monoecious tendriled vines; stems 5- to 20-sulcate. Leaves peti- olate, simple or foliolate; tendrils simple or 2- to 5-branched. Staminate flowers in racemes or panicles, or solitary in the axils of the leaves; calyx campanulate or subeylindrical, 5-lobate; corolla campanulate or rotate, 5-lobate; stamens 3, inserted on calyx tube at the base, the filaments free, the anthers longitudinally triplicate, rarely replicate at the apex, connate, one anther unilocular, others bilocular; ovary rudimentary, glandlike, 3-lobed; nectaries present or absent. Pistillate flowers usually disposed as the staminate flowers; calyx and corolla usually as in the staminate flowers; ovary ovoid or oblong, 3-carpellate or rarely unicarpellate through abortion, the styles 3, connate, erect, the stigmas 3, forming a peltate, 3-lobate head, the lobes reflexed; nectary disc surrounding the style at the base; staminodia 3, minute, rarely absent. Fruit ellipsoid or globose, fleshy, corky, indehiscent; seeds 1-15, erect, ovate or oblong, compressed, the testa smooth or roughened.
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Habit
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vines
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Note
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Cayaponia consists of 60-70 species mainly of the Neotropics. The genus has not been revised since Cogniaux (1881) and as a result species are often difficult to place. Jeffrey (1971), having found Cogniaux's subdivision into three sections unsound, has realigned the species into two sections: sect. Caya- ponia and sect. Trianosperma. Representatives of both sections occur in Panama. A single collection of Cayaponia from Panama has not been assigned to species. It may represent a species new to Panama or perhaps be undescribed. In view of the scarcity of material, it is unwise to describe it as new. 1. Pittier 3907 (US). The specimen is trifoliolate, the leaflets 5-8 cm long, 2.5-4.0 cm wide, elliptic, the lateral leaflets oblique at the base and glabrate. The tendrils are unequally 2-branched. An old shattered fruit, apparently moderate in size (ca. 2-3 cm long), glabrous, and 3-seeded, is present. The seeds are 15-16 cm long, 12-14 cm wide, tricornuate at the base and shortly bicornuate at the apex. The label information reads "Along Rio Fato, Province of Colon, in forest or thickets; altitude 10 to 100 meters." A number of additional species are reported from Colombia and Costa Rica which will perhaps later be found in Panama. Cayaponia cruegeri (Naud.) Cogn. was reported from Panama by Jeffrey (1971), but the collection cited has been examined and has been assigned to C. glandulosa.
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Reference
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Jeffrey, C. 1971. Further notes on Cucurbitaceae. II. The tribe Cucurbiteae. Kew Bull. 25: 191-236.
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Key
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a. Mature leaves 3-foliolate (immature leaves often simple). b. Leaves glabrous on both surfaces; fruit reddish orange ...... 3. C. granatensis bb. Leaves scabrous pubescent above, tomentellous below; fruit dirty yellow ...... 1. C. bbuaeavii aa. Mature leaves simple. c. Flowers sessile or subsessile in axillary clusters, densely pilose ...... 7. C. sessiliflora cc. Flowers solitary or in pedunculate racemes, pubescent or glabrous. d. Hypanthium ca. 4 cmn in diameter; fruit 4-6 cm in diameter ...... 4. C. mnacrocalyx dd. Hypanthium up to 1.5 cm in diameter; fruit to 1.5 cm in diameter. e. Corolla ca. 1.5 cm long; fruit 6- to 15-seeded ...... 2. C. glanclulosa ee. Corolla up to 1 cm long; fruit 2- to 3-seeded. f. Fruit globose, black (rarely red); tendrils simple, rarely 2-branched ...... 5. C. micrantha ff. Fruit ellipsoid, orange red; tendrils 2-branched ...... 6. C. racemosa
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