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(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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(Last Modified On 3/8/2013)
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Genus
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HIBISCUS L.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Sp. P1. 693. 1753.
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Synonym
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Paritium St.-Hil. et al., FH. Bras. Merid. 1: 255. 1828. Wercklea Pittier & Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 112. 1916.
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Description
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Herbs, annual or perennial, or shrubs or infrequently small to medium-sized trees, the indumentum of simple or stellate hairs, sometimes aculeate. Leaves petiolate, the blade simple to palmatilobed or palmatiparted, the venation palmate, sometimes with a dorsal gland near the base of the midrib. Flowers axillary, soli- tary or forming racemose, paniculate or fasciculate inflorescences, medium or large and showy, the pedicels often articulated; epicalyx usually of numerous bractlets, rarely 2-5 bractlets, occasionally absent or very minute, the bractlets distinct or more or less united at the base, sometimes adnate to the base of the calyx, generally persistent or even accrescent; calyx 5-merous, cupuliform, campanulate or tubular, dentate or lobed,-the midvein of each lobe sometimes bearing a gland, generally persistent or even accrescent; petals contorted, more or less unguiculate, adnate to the base of the staminal tube, variously colored; staminal tube usually elongate, shorter to longer than the corolla, antheriferous throughout or only on the upper part below the 5-lobulate or truncate apex, the filaments long and spreading or short (anthers subsessile); anthers numerous, reniform or hippocrepiform; ovary (4-)5-locular, with 3 to many ovules in each locule, the ovules anatropous (some- times amphitropous?); style branches 5, these slender and mostly spreading; stig- mas capitate, papillate or fimbrillate. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule gen- erally surrounded by the persistent or accrescent epicalyx and calyx; seeds subglo- bose to reniform, sometimes angulate, glabrous or variously pubescent.
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Habit
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Herbs shrubs
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Distribution
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A very large genus widely distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres, and with a few species in temperate zones. Many of the species of Hibiscus are extensively cultivated as ornamentals. At present 14 species are reported from Panama.
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Reference
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Bates, D. M., Notes on cultivated Malvaceae. I. Hibiscus. Baileya 13: 56-96, figs. 19-28. 1965. Hochreutiner, B. P. G., Revision du genre Hibiscus. Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 4: 23-191. 1900.
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Reference
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Kearney, T. H., A tentative key to the North American species of Hibiscus L. Leafi. West. Bot. 7: 274-284. 1955. A tentative key to the South American species of Hibiscus L. Leafl. West. Bot. 8: 161-180. 1957.
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Key
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a. Staminal tube shorter than to equalling more or less the corolla. b. Epicalyx bractlets simple or infrequently with a small tooth-like appendage on the inner surface below the apex (cf. H. radiatus). c. Epicalyx bractlets filifoirm to ovate or spatulate. d. Epicalyx bractlets filiform to ovate. e. Corolla 3-12.5 cm long. f. Shrubs or trees; leaves entire or with the margin crenulate or dentate. g. Leaves entire or with the margin minutely crenulate; stam- inal tube antheriferous throughout; capsule ovoid or sub- globose, 1.5-3.5 cm long; petals yellow or sometimes orange; maritime ..... ... 1. H. TILIACEUS gg. Leaves dentate at the margins; staminal tube antheriferous on the upper part; capsule ellipsoid or oblong-cylindric, 5-6.5 cm long. h. Branchlets, leaves, pedicel and epicalyx with stellate trichomes; calyx stellate-puberulus to stellate-velutinous and sparsely bristly, the bristles pustular-based, persis- tent or rarely slightly accrescent; petals obovate or narrowly obovate, 8-12.5 cm long and 4-6 cm wide. i. Pedicel 5-16 cm long; epicalyx 6- to 10-lobate nearly to the base, persistent; calyx 2.8-3.8 cm long; petals yellow; staminal tube glabrous .............. 2. H. WOODSONII ii. Pedicel 26-30 cm long; epicalyx 7-lobate to about the middle, deciduous and leaving a conspicuous scar at the base of the calyx; calyx 4.5-5.5 cm long; petals rose-red; staminal tube pilose below ............ 3. H. COCLEANUS This content downloaded on Fri, 8 Mar 2013 12:51:39 PMAll use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions[VOL. 52 502 ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN hh. Branchlets, leaves, pedicel, epicalyx and calyx shortly stellate-puberulus and sparsely aculeate to densely hispid-echinate; calyx much accrescent and up to 13 cm long in fruit; petals yellow (sometimes red?), linear- spatulate, 6-8 cm long and 0.8-1.3 cm wide ............ 4. H. FEROX fE. Herbs; mature leaves (some or all) palmatilobed to far below the middle. j. Calyx becoming dark red or purple and fleshy in fruit, each lobe usually with an elongate gland on the midvein; epicalyx bractlets linear-ovate; plants unarmed ------------------------ 5. H. SABDARIFFA jj. Calyx scarious and greenish or whitish, eglandular; epi- calyx bractlets linear and usually with a small tooth-like appendage on the inner surface below the slightly dilated apex; plants sparsely aculeolate ........................................ 6. H. RADIATUS ee. Corolla 1.4-2 cm long ........................................... 7. H. PHOENICEUS dd. Epicalyx bractlets spatulate ---------------------------8. H. SPATHULATUS cc. Epicalyx bractlets linear and abruptly dilated at the apex into a broad, more or less reniform blade ..................... 9. H. SORORIUS bb. Epicalyx bractlets clearly bifurcate at the apex. k. Midvein of each calyx lobe provided with an oblong gland. 1. Plants aculeolate; leaves, at least the lower ones, 3(-5)-lobed mostly to below the middle; epicalyx bractlets longer than the calyx .............................................................................. 10. H. BIFURCATUS 11. Plants unarmed; leaves not lobed or sometimes 3-angulate to shal- lowly 3(-5)-lobed; epicalyx bractlets shorter than the calyx ............................................................................. 11. H. FURCELLATUS kk. Midvein of each calyx lobe eglandular; leaves not lobed or sometimes 3-angulate; epicalyx bractlets slightly shorter than the calyx .............................. ................................................... 12. H. COSTATUS aa. Staminal tube much longer than the corolla. m. Epicalyx bractlets 5-7, 0.7-1 cm long; petals entire to more or less deeply rounded-crenate at the margin. 13. H. ROSA-SINENSIS mm. Epicalyx wanting or the bractlets very minute; petals deeply pinnately dissected into numerous oblong or spatulate lobes ............ ... 14. H. SCHIZOPETALUS
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