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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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(Last Modified On 5/15/2013)
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Genus
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Brugmansia Pers.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Syn. PI. 1: 216. 1805
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Note
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TYPE: B. candida Pers.
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Synonym
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Pseudodatura Van Zijp, Natuurk. Tijdshr. Ned.-Indi6 80: 24-28. 1920. TYPE: Not designated. Methysticodendron R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 17: 2. 1955. TYPE: M. amesianum R. E. Schultes.
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Description
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Unarmed trees or shrubs, pubescence of mostly simple, sometimes viscid hairs; twigs mostly stout. Leaves simple and entire or repand, petiolate, mostly large. Flowers solitary (sometimes aggregated) on erect or pendulous pedicels, showy, mostly 5-merous; calyx tubular, sometimes inflated or strongly angled and sometimes appressed to the corolla tube, prefloration complete and floral egress by 5 or more valvate teeth usually dehiscing irregularly to form one or more spathaceous lobes; corolla funnelform, tubiform or almost tubular, mostly large, variously colored, flaccid and succulent, glabrous or variously pubescent, the limb sinuate margined or 5-toothed, sometimes opening or scented nocturnally; stamens equal, the filaments inserted near the top of the tube, some- times geniculate, variously pubescent, the anthers linear, basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, coherent or free; ovary conical, 2-loculed with many ovules on an enlarged placenta, the stigma elongate and exceeding the anthers, the stigma variously shaped but mostly small and 2-lobed. Fruit an unarmed, spheroidal or elongate, woody, indehiscent capsule, seeds large and wedge shaped, embryo straight in fleshy endosperm.
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Habit
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trees or shrubs
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Note
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This genus was long considered conspecific with Datura to which it is closely related. The arboreal habit, unarmed fruits and 2-loculed ovaries are significant differences. This group is under study by Dr. T. E. Lockwood of Illinois University.
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Distribution
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Brugmansia includes about 15 species centered in northwestern South America. These are plants of cultivation and truly wild populations may not exist.
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Note
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As important medicinal and ritual subjects for man, they have been trans- ported far from their presumed native regions. Several species are now widely cultivated in tropical regions and greenhouses in both New and Old worlds. In Panama, Brugmansia species are grown only for ornament or fence posts and they are a welcome ornamental to the rural homestead. Plants are commonly propagated by vegetative means and no fruiting material is known from Panama. Many species in the genus are self-sterile and the absence of fruit may be a consequence of very few introductions of the genus to Panama. Brugmansia takes its name from Sebald Justin Briigmans, (1763-1819) professor of natural history and the botany of Batavia at Leiden.
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Reference
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Bristol, MI. L. Tree Datura drugs of the Colombian Sibundoy. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 22(5): 165-227. 1969. Lockwood, T. E. Generic recognition of Brugmansia. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23(6): 273-283. 1973. Safford, W. D. 1921. Synopsis of the genus Datura. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci. 11: 173-189.
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Key
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a. Calyx glabrous outside; width of corolla tube nearly filling the calyx mouth; corolla teeth ca. 30 mm long; calyx mostly once cleft; anthers free, 22-23 mm long; corolla white ...... 1. B. candida aa. Calyx pubescent outside; width of corolla tube less than 2/% the diameter of the calyx mouth; corolla teeth 10-15 mm long; calyx 5-cleft or lobed; anthers coherent (sometimes ultimately separating), 25-35 mm long; corolla white or colored ...... 2. B. suaveolens
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