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(Last Modified On 4/5/2013)
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(Last Modified On 4/5/2013)
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Species
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Protium panamense (Rose) I. M. Johnston
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PlaceOfPublication
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Contr. Gray Herb. 70: 72. 1924. - FIG. 2.
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Synonym
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Icica panamensis Rose, N. Amer. Fl. 25: 260. 1911.
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Description
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Trees or shrubs, 3-40 m high; branchlets striate, gray-barked, dotted with pale-brown lenticels, youngest parts minutely appressed-puberulent, soon gla- brate. Leaves odd-pinnate, glabrous, the petioles, rachis, and petiolules often glaucous, 23-60 cm long; petioles striate, canaliculate, swollen apically and basally, 6-12.5 cm long; leaflets 3-7(-9), ovate-lanceolate to oblong, elliptic, or ovate, usually abrupty acuminate, rounded basally, coriaceous, the margins entire and repandous, the laterals inequilateral, 10.5-36.5 cm long and 4-12.5 cm wide, the terminals usually largest, to 38 cm long and 15 cm wide; petiolules striate, the laterals 11-32 mm long, the terminals to 85 mm long. Inflorescences compact axillary (occasionally cauliferous?) panicles, or rarely small racemes, branched from the base, glabrous, the carpellate to 7.5 cm long (to 10 cm long in fruit), the staminate to 10.5 cm long. Flowers yellow 4(-5)-merous; pedicels absent to 3.5 mm long in staminate flowers, 1-2 mm long in carpellate flowers; calyx cupuliform, 1.5 mm high, glabrous, 4(-5)-lobed, the lobes obtuse, acute apically, spreading; petals 4(-5), triangular, acute, more or less spreading, in- flexed-apiculate, the margins papillose, 3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; stamens 8(-10), 2 mm long; disc 8(-10)-lobed; ovary conical, 4(-5)-lobed, glabrous,
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Habit
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Trees or shrubs
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Description
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ca. 1 mm high in staminate flowers, 2 mm high and tapering into the style in carpellate flowers, the stigma 4(-5)-lobed, persistent in fruit. Fruits ellipsoid to ovoid, more or less angled when dry, apiculate, stipitate, glabrous, green to yellow, becoming reddish at maturity, the mesocarp thick, white, 17-26 mm long and 9-21 mm in diameter, dehiscing by 2-4 valves, the valves red within; pyrenes 1(-4), white.
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Distribution
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Endemic to Panama.
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Native
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Panama
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Note
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Known to flower in January, February, April, July, August, September, and October, but collected in fruit in every month.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Almirante region, Cricamola, Cooper 517 (F, US); Daytonia Farm, Cooper 433 (F, GH, US). Vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, Darkland, von Wedel 2625 (GH, MO, US); Fish Creek Hills, von Wedel 2407 (GH, MO, US); Old Bank Island, von Wedel 2106, 2115 (both GH, MO, US). Duwebdulup Peak, N of Rio Terebe across from Quebrada Huron, alt. 300-900 ft, Kirkbride & Duke 563 (MO). Vicinity of Rio Toro Amarillo, Finca Vieja, alt. ca. 200 m, Solis Rojas 434 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Agua Clara Reservoir, Stevens 583 (US). Barro Colorado Island, Bailey & Bailey 103, 319 (both F), Brown 34, 38 (both F), Dwyer 1435 (F, MO), Kenoyer 677 (US), Knight 12 (F), Zetek 3467 (F); shores, Bangham 405 (A, F, US), 424 (A, F); NE shore, Salvoza 858 (A); NE to N shore, Salvoza 884 (A); W side, Wilson 125 (F, MO); shoreline N of dock, Croat 7124 (MO); shoreline S of Colorado Point, Croat 7866 (MO); shore of cove N of Drayton House, Wood- worth & Vestal 559 (A, F, MO); Fairchild Point, Croat 4832 (MO); bohio at shore of cove S of French Lock Site, Woodworth & Vestal 462 (A, F, MO); W side of Gross Point Peninsula, Croat 5087 (MO); forest along shore E of Lab, Killip 40015 (US); shore 2 mi. E of Lab, Woodworth & Vestal 490 (A, F, MO); near # 8 Light House Clearing, Croat 6384 (MO); E edge of Orchid Island near French Cut and Gross Point, Croat 8389 (MO); shoreline of large cove S of Orchid Island near Miller Trail, Croat 6600 (MO); Salud Point, Croat 4235 (MO); shore W of Salud Point, Woodworth & Vestal 425 (A, F, MO); shoreline of E side of large cove E of Slothia Island, Croat 6067 (MO); shoreline of large cove SW of Slothia Island, Croat 7350 (MO); E shore of cove S of N tip of Slothia Island, E of dump cove, Oppenheimer 66-8-11-1337 (MO); Snyder-Molino Trail, Ebinger 9 (MO, US); Snyder-Molino Trail 1, Shattuck 1172 (F, MO, US); Snyder- Molino Trail 250, Croat 4409 (MO). Vicinity of Hill C-6, Camp Pina, Fort Sherman, Duke 4397 (MO). Road from Fort San Lorenzo to Fort Sherman, Tyson & Blum 3755 (MO). Frijoles, Stevens 1269 (US). Gatun Railroad Station, Hayes 1 (A, F, GH, US; probably isotypes of Icica panamensis), Hayes 462 (US, holotype of I. panamensis). Forest along Pavon Road, Johnston 1540 (A). Sheltered shaded seacliff, mouth of Tortuguilla Creek, Johnston 1520 (A). COCLE: Boca del Toabre, confluence of Rio Toabre & Rio Cocle del Norte, advanced secondary forest, Lewis et al. 5482 (MO). COLON: Camp Betija, Donoso District, alt. 60-150 m, Holdridge 6256 (MO). Vicinity of Camp Pina, alt. 0-50 m, Allen 3429 (MO). In forests, Loma de La Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), alt. 10-104 m, Pittier 4082 (F, GH, US). SAN BLAS: Isla Pino near Mulatuppo, alt. to 200 ft, Elias 1717 (MO).
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Note
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Protium panamense is the most wide-spread species of the genus in Panama, although known only from the Caribbean side of the Continental Divide, and is to be expected in both Costa Rica and Colombia. It occurs in evergreen seasonal forests and monsoon forests. Like P. glabrum, it has been reported to have "stilt roots similar to those of Cecropia" (fide Johnston 1540). According to Dr. Thomas B. Croat (personal communication), "At maturity one valve usually falls exposing the fleshy-white mesocarp, often against the red interior of the other valve." No common names have been recorded by collectors.
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