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(Last Modified On 10/17/2013)
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(Last Modified On 10/17/2013)
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Species
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Tovomitopsis glauca Oerst. ex P1. & Tr.
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PlaceOfPublication
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Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ser. 4. 14: 264. 1860.
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Note
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TYPE: Costa Rica, Mt. Jaris, Oerstedt 3 (=Oerstedt 3589), (?P, not seen; C, not seen; MO, photo).
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Synonym
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?Tovomita martiana Engler in Mart., Fl. Bras. 12(1): 453. 1888. TYPE: Brasil, Martius (M, not seen; MO, photo). Tovomita multiflora Standley, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 4: 234. 1929. TYPE: Panama, Cooper & Slater 171 (US). Tovomita glauca (Oerst. ex P1. & Tr.) L. 0. Williams, Fieldiana Bot. 29: 357. 1961.
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Description
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Shrub or tree to 8 m tall, twigs at first deeply sulcate, soon terete, drying greenish or grayish, glabrous, internodes variable, 5-25 mm apart. Leaves ovate or elliptical, sometimes narrow, sometimes oblique, mostly 5-10 cm long, (1-)3- 5 cm wide, apically acuminate, the tip often curved, basally obtuse or acute, glabrous, minutely revolute; costa plane above, sharply elevated beneath, the lateral veins 5-11, obscure, arcuate and ascending, evenly spaced, recurving and anastomosing in broadly crenate fashion near the margin, the looping outer con- nected vein giving rise to minor, peripheral loops, a submarginal vein not formed, minor venation mostly obscure, mostly of about 2, ill-spaced intermediate veins which arise at irregular angles, and short, ill-spaced veins pinnate on the lateral veins, the lower surface with inconspicuous surface canals evenly dispersed in the intervenal areas, ascending slightly more than the lateral veins, often gray-
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Habit
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Shrub or tree
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Description
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green or glaucous beneath; petioles 6-25 mm long, narrow, canaliculate above, the narrow margins forming sharp angles. Inflorescences terminal, sometimes becoming axillary, sometimes on leafy short shoots, subtended by normal leaves, a pyramidal hemispherical or cylindrical cymose panicle, the peduncle 5-12 cm long, 3-6-noded, the primary axis stout or slender, compressed above, the branches mostly slender, pedicels 4-6 mm long, becoming 10-12 mm long and stouter in fruit, often bibracteolate in the lower half, sometimes minutely puber- ulent. Staminate flowers with the buds often pinkish, 3-5 mm long, conspicuously striate, ovoid or ellipsoidal; outer sepals opposite, ca. 2 mm long, much shorter than half the length of the bud, striate, sometimes pink at the base, the inner 3(- 4) sepals imbricate, overtopping the bud, membranous, striate, ca. 5 mm long; petals 4-5, about as long as the inner sepals, thicker, striate, overtopping the bud, imbricate. In staminate flowers the stamens numerous (28-33), the filaments ca. 0.5 mm wide, free or the innermost slightly connate basally, the inner stamens slightly longer and broader with flat filaments, some rudimentary anthers perhaps not polleniferous; ovary obtuse, longitudinally sulcate, the styles relatively large, 5, subsessile, flattopped, heel shaped, contrasting in color, ?yellowish or orange; pistillate flowers with buds slightly larger, the outer sepals relatively slightly longer; stamens as in male flowers but the thecae reduced; ovary about as long as the stamens, the stigmas 5, subsessile, spreading. Fruit pyriform, 20-25 mm long, sulcate, slightly depressed apically, often strongly asymmetrical or curved by abortion of 1 or more locules, the styles conspicuous or not, subsessile, drying reddish brown; seeds oblong, basifixed, erect, the testa slightly venose, com- pletely enveloped by a basifixed, unveined aril.
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Note
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Tovomitopsis glauca is extremely variable in leaf and flower bud size but is recognizable by its leaves with few inconspicuous veins and striately maculate flower buds. There is also great variation in inflorescence, this ranging from a short, almost congested cymose panicle to a 30 cm long, open, pendulous panicle with slender, elongate, weak inflorescence branches. Collections of this species from two localities in central Panama, Rio Guanche on the Caribbean coast and Cerro Campana near the Atlantic, have smaller stature and smaller narrower leaves than usual and are suggestive of a distinct variety or even species. But in each case other specimens show this variation to be continuous with wider- leaved, more normal morphology. This narrow-leaved form is similar to T. an- gustifolia, which occurs in the same area. The flower buds are very different in the two species.
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Specimen
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BOCAS DEL TORO: Duwebdulup Peak N of Rio Teribe across from Quebrada Huron, 90-270 m, Kirkbride & Duke 560 (MO). Chiriquicito-Calderas trail between Quebrada Higueron and Guttierrez, Kirkbride & Duke 765 (MO). CANAL ZONE: Slope N of Indio Tower, NW part of Canal Zone, Johnston 1794 (MO). Drowned forest of Rio Boqueron and Peluca Hydrographic Station, Steyermark & Allen 17269 (US). CHIRIQUf: Progreso, Cooper & Slater 171, 274, 304 (all US). 10-11 mi W of Puerto Armuelles, 300-500 m, Croat 21995 (MO). Paseo Canoas to Cafias Gordas, Croat 22211, 22348 (both MO). 8 mi W of Puerto Armuelles, 20Q m, Croat 22472 (MO). 19 km W of Rio Chiriqui Viejo on road to San Serano, 1000-2000 m, D'Arcy 10835 (MO). Near Pinola, Kirkbride & Duke 865 (MO). 1 mi E of Cafias Gordas near Costa Rican Border, Liesner 268 (MO). Near Las Lagunas W of El Hato del Volcan, 1400 m, Wilbur et al. 11001 (DUKE). COCLE: Between Cerro Pil6n and El Valle de Ant6n, 700-900 m, Duke & Dwyer 13936 (MO, NY, SCZ). Base of Cerro Pil6n above El Valle, Gentry & Dwyer 3654 (MO). La Mesa, El Valle, 1000 m, Gentry 6848 (MO). N of El Valle de Ant6n, 2500- 3000 ft, Lewis et al. 1769, 1785 (both MO). Cerro Pil6n, 800-1045 m, Mori 6565 (MO). 3 km NE of El Valle, Mori & Kallunki 2960 (MO). COL6N: Santa Rita Ridge, Dwyer 8564 (MO). Rio Guanche, Foster & Vocelka 2201 (DUKE); Foster et al. 2330 (DUKE); Gentry 8764 (MO); Kennedy 1174 (DUKE, MO); Kennedy & Foster 2132 (MO); Mori et al. 6443 (MO); Mori & Kallunki 5194, 5212 (both MO); Mori & Witherspoon 7955 (MO); Nee & Gentry 8719 (MO). DARIEN: Rio Yape, Bristan 1378 (MO, US). Between Paya and Palo de las Letras, Duke & Kirkbride 14024 (MO, SCZ). Cerro Campanento S of Cerro Pirre, Duke 15646 (US). PANAMA: Cerro Trinidad, 800-1000 m, Allen 3773 (MO). El Llano-Carti road, Busey 3777 (MO). Cerro Campana, Croat 14681, 14753 (both MO). El Llano-Carti road, Nee & Dressler 9371 (MO). Cerro Campana, Porter et al. 4259 (MO, DUKE). VERAGUAS: Between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, Croat 27665 (MO); Mori & Kallunki 3224, 3950 (both MO).
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